{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:49:01Z","timestamp":1793296141844,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]],"date-time":"2009-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":824,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Although widely used in healthy subjects and patients with olfactory loss, the significance of changes of scores from validated olfactory tests is unknown.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim and Methods:<\/jats:bold> The aim of the present study was to relate the self\u2010assigned changes of olfactory function in terms of \u201cbetter,\u201d \u201cunchanged,\u201d and \u201cworse\u201d in patients with smell disorders with the results from olfactory testing by means of a validated test set. Olfactory function of 83 anosmic or hyposmic patients (40 women, 43 men; age 12\u201384 yr) was tested on two occasions (mean interval 136 days, minimum 7 days, maximum 6.7 yr). Olfactory function was assessed using a validated technique (\u201cSniffin' Sticks\u201d). This test consists of three subtests, one for odor threshold (T), odor discrimination (D), and odor identification (I), with possible results ranging up to 16 points each. From the sum of the results from the three subtests a composite \u201cTDI\u201d score was obtained.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Forty\u2010four patients indicated an improvement of olfactory function, whereas 39 patients reported no change. No subject reported deterioration of olfactory sensitivity. Subjects assigned to group BETTER had higher TDI scores in the second olfactory tests than subjects assigned to the group UNCHANGED, both in absolute terms and as compared with the first olfactory test (effect \u201ctest occasion\u201d by \u201cself\u2010assessed improvement,\u201d <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). There was no significant difference between groups with respect to age and sex (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .99 and .84, respectively). Logistic regression showed that more than 60% of the subjects reported an improvement of olfactory sensitivity when the TDI score increased by 5.5 points.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> We show that there is a statistically significant relation between measured and perceived improvement of olfactory function in patients who first presented with the diagnosis of anosmia or hyposmia. The results indicate that improved olfactory function in patients with olfactory deficiency is perceived as such in everyday life and is quantitatively related to an improvement in the composite TDI score of the \u201cSniffin' Sticks\u201d olfactory test battery. This is the basis for the application of a specific therapy for olfactory loss because of a possible gain in quality of life for the patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234915.51189.cb","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,26]],"date-time":"2006-09-26T08:50:01Z","timestamp":1159260601000},"page":"1858-1863","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":218,"title":["Clinical Significance of Results from Olfactory Testing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Volker","family":"Gudziol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rn","family":"L\u00f6tsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"H\u00e4hner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Zahnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240501900606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjg061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"385","article-title":"Administering the \u201cAHSP Questionnaire\u201d (appetite, hunger, sensory perception) in a geriatric rehabilitation care.","volume":"7","author":"Savina C","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90269-5"},{"issue":"316","key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"322","article-title":"Testing olfaction in a clinical setting.","volume":"68","author":"Cain WS","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050050223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-58552-4_43"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00094-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-76223-9_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajot.2002.123436"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1097%2F01.mlg.0000234915.51189.cb","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234915.51189.cb","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T17:36:39Z","timestamp":1696872999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234915.51189.cb"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234915.51189.cb"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234915.51189.cb","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}}}