{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:16:27Z","timestamp":1723767387659},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Drug therapy for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) aims to decrease symptom severity. Pharmacologic interventions are divided into four categories: antimalarials, glucocorticoids (GCs), immunosuppressants (ISs), and biological agents. Hydroxychloroquine, the most commonly used antimalarial treatment for this disease, is a mainstay in treating all patients with SLE. The multitude of adverse reactions of GCs has led clinicians to minimize their dosages or discontinue them whenever possible. To speed up the discontinuation or minimization of GCs, ISs are used for their steroid-sparing properties. Furthermore, certain ISs such as cyclophosphamide are recommended as maintenance agents to prevent flares and reduce the reoccurrence and severity of the disease state. Biological agents are recommended when other treatment options have failed due to intolerance or inefficacy. This article presents pharmacologic approaches for managing SLE in patients based on clinical practice guidelines and data from randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/01.npr.0000000000000071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T17:00:33Z","timestamp":1687885233000},"page":"37-46","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Toufic","family":"El Hussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cayla","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20240814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2016.08.010","article-title":"Cell death in the pathogenesis of 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