{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T18:18:25Z","timestamp":1771611505770,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Despite the lack of evidence on the long-term effectiveness of benzodiazepines and their potential harmful effects, prescriptions of the drug have significantly increased in the US over the past decade. This article reviews best practices regarding primary care benzodiazepine prescriptions and how providers can best prevent and treat benzodiazepine use disorder and other harmful effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/01.npr.0000733684.24949.19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T01:11:07Z","timestamp":1614388267000},"page":"30-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Best practices in benzodiazepine prescribing and management in primary care"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Champion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brayden N.","family":"Kameg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"R1-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1611832","article-title":"Treatment of benzodiazepine dependence","volume":"376","author":"Soyka","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"R2-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1715050","article-title":"Our other prescription drug problem","volume":"378","author":"Lembke","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R3-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1763","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use in the United States","volume":"72","author":"Olfson","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"R4-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1376-8","article-title":"Benzodiazepines: more \u201cbehavioural\u201d addiction than dependence","volume":"167","author":"de las Cuevas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"R5-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20191218-08","article-title":"An intervention to decrease benzodiazepine prescribing by providers in an urban clinic","volume":"58","author":"Platt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv"},{"issue":"4","key":"R6-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303061","article-title":"Increasing benzodiazepine prescriptions and overdose mortality in the United States, 1996-2013","volume":"106","author":"Bachhuber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R8-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2014.03.130290","article-title":"Risk of adverse health outcomes with increasing duration and regularity of opioid therapy","volume":"27","author":"Paulozzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"R10-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.007","article-title":"An examination of concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine prescribing in 9 states, 2015","volume":"57","author":"Guy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R11-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7020017","article-title":"Benzodiazepines I: upping the care on downers: the evidence of risks, benefits and alternatives","volume":"7","author":"Guina","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R12-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2147\/DHPS.S143341","article-title":"Older adults and high-risk medication administration in the emergency department","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Healthc Patient Saf"},{"issue":"2","key":"R15-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201200267","article-title":"Patient and facility characteristics associated with benzodiazepine prescribing for veterans with PTSD","volume":"64","author":"Lund","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"R16-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.01.003","article-title":"Prevalence and trends of benzodiazepine use among Veterans Affairs patients with posttraumatic stress disorder, 2003-2010","volume":"124","author":"Hawkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"5","key":"R17-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2011.09.0183","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: review with clinical applications","volume":"49","author":"Jeffreys","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"R18-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000165594.60434.84","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of benzodiazepine dependence","volume":"18","author":"Ashton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R19-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.010","article-title":"Prevalence, prescribed quantities, and trajectory of multiple prescriber episodes for benzodiazepines: a 2-year cohort study","volume":"158","author":"Okumura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"11","key":"R20-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113503509","article-title":"Benzodiazepines: risks and benefits. A reconsideration","volume":"27","author":"Baldwin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R21-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2016.05.120","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use, misuse, and abuse: a review","volume":"6","author":"Schmitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ment Health Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"R22-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12253","article-title":"Association between sedating medications and delirium in older inpatients","volume":"61","author":"Rothberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"R23-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2019.11.003","article-title":"Association between benzodiazepines use and risk of hip fracture in the elderly people: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"87","author":"Poly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"R24-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00571.x","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use and physical disability in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"54","author":"Gray","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"R25-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g5205","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5205","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use and risk of Alzheimer's disease: case-control study","volume":"349","author":"de Gage","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"R26-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz127","article-title":"Investigation of a possible association of potentially inappropriate medication for older adults and frailty in a prospective cohort study from Germany","volume":"49","author":"Muhlack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"11","key":"R27-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.16185","article-title":"Association between benzodiazepine use and dementia: data mining of different medical databases","volume":"13","author":"Takada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"R29-20250607","first-page":"327","article-title":"Complicated withdrawal phenomena during benzodiazepine cessation in older adults","volume":"119","author":"Reeves","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"R30-20250607","first-page":"2121","article-title":"Addiction: Part I. Benzodiazepines--side effects, abuse risk and alternatives","volume":"61","author":"Longo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"3","key":"R31-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1122-4","article-title":"Benzodiazepines and alcohol are associated with cases of fatal buprenorphine poisoning","volume":"68","author":"H\u00e4kkinen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R32-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.014","article-title":"Comparison of toxicity associated with nonmedical use of benzodiazepines with buprenorphine or methadone","volume":"138","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"9","key":"R33-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3740-0","article-title":"Benzodiazepines are prescribed more frequently to patients already at risk for benzodiazepine-related adverse events in primary care","volume":"31","author":"Kroll","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R34-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e363","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m10713","article-title":"National trends in antidepressant, benzodiazepine, and other sedative-hypnotic treatment of older adults in psychiatric and primary care","volume":"78","author":"Maust","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"R35-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7020020","article-title":"Benzodiazepines II: waking up on sedatives: providing optimal care when inheriting benzodiazepine prescriptions in transfer patients","volume":"7","author":"Guina","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"R36-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-018-0544-4","article-title":"Deprescribing benzodiazepines in older patients: impact of interventions targeting physicians, pharmacists, and patients","volume":"35","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"R37-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPR.0000550253.04526.30","article-title":"Deprescribing benzodiazepines","volume":"44","author":"Scrandis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurse Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"R38-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e015959","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-015959","article-title":"A realist evaluation of patients' decisions to deprescribe in the EMPOWER trial","volume":"7","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"R39-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12386","article-title":"Review of deprescribing processes and development of an evidence-based, patient-centred deprescribing process","volume":"78","author":"Reeve","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R40-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04418.x","article-title":"Benzodiazepine harm: how can it be reduced?","volume":"77","author":"Lader","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"R41-20250607","first-page":"339","article-title":"Deprescribing benzodiazepine receptor agonists: Evidence-based clinical practice guideline","volume":"64","author":"Pottie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"R42-20250607","first-page":"57","article-title":"Deprescribing Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists for Insomnia in Adults","volume":"99","author":"Croke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"R45-20250607","first-page":"2020","article-title":"Pharmacological class interventions for benzodiazepine withdrawal discontinuation: a meta-analysis","author":"Fluyau","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"2","key":"R46-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2019.12.09","article-title":"Combining opioids and benzodiazepines: effects on mortality and severe adverse respiratory events","volume":"9","author":"Boon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"R47-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.014","article-title":"Comparison of toxicity associated with nonmedical use of benzodiazepines with buprenorphine or methadone","volume":"138","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R48-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.036","article-title":"Mandatory review of a prescription drug monitoring program and impact on opioid and benzodiazepine dispensing","volume":"188","author":"Winstanley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"12","key":"R49-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8122143","article-title":"Beyond prescriptions monitoring programs: the importance of having the conversation about benzodiazepine use","volume":"8","author":"Oldenhof","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R50-20250607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.214959","article-title":"Implementation of a Schedule II patient agreement for opioids and stimulants in an adult primary care practice","volume":"6","author":"Downey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Fam Med Prim Care"}],"container-title":["The Nurse Practitioner"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/01.NPR.0000733684.24949.19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T18:00:34Z","timestamp":1749319234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/01.NPR.0000733684.24949.19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.npr.0000733684.24949.19","relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-1817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-1817","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}}}