{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:06:47Z","timestamp":1790777207063,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/aci.0b013e32831f44a6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T03:23:48Z","timestamp":1230002628000},"page":"29-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["Interactions between helminth parasites and allergy"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Philip J","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2039","article-title":"Suppression of Th2-type allergic reactions by helminth infections","volume":"7","author":"Fallon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R2-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2007.03.009","article-title":"Chronic helminth infections induce immunomodulation: consequences and mechanisms","volume":"212","author":"van Riet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunobiol"},{"key":"R3-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1159\/000049519","article-title":"The prevalence of parasite infestation and house dust mite sensitisation in Gabonese schoolchildren","volume":"126","author":"van den Bigelaar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R4-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.05.006","article-title":"Serum cytokine changes in Turkish children infected with Giardia lamblia with and without allergy: effect of metronidazole treatment","volume":"95","author":"Bayraktar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"R5-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69283-0","article-title":"Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys","volume":"368","author":"Asher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R6-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.070169","article-title":"Worldwide trends in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)","volume":"62","author":"Pearce","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R8-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00961.x","article-title":"Allergic disease in urban and rural populations: increasing prevalence with increasing urbanization","volume":"60","author":"Nicolaou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R9-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.06.011","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to a farm environment modifies atopic sensitization at birth","volume":"122","author":"Ege","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R10-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200701-028AW","article-title":"Asthma and allergies in rural areas of Europe","volume":"4","author":"von Mutius","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"R11-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2007.03.006","article-title":"Epidemiological and immunological evidence for the hygiene hypothesis","volume":"212","author":"Garn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"R12-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm","volume":"367","author":"Bethony","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R13-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2199","article-title":"Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection","volume":"7","author":"Anthony","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R14-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100014","article-title":"Immunopathology of schistosomiasis","volume":"85","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R15-7-20210128","first-page":"409","article-title":"IgE and its role in parasitic helminth infection: implications for anti-IgE based therapies","author":"Cooper","year":"2002"},{"key":"R16-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1086\/344318","article-title":"Plasma tryptase, a marker of mast cell degranulation, is associated with the development of adverse reactions following the treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin","volume":"186","author":"Cooper","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1975.24.791","article-title":"Pulmonary ascariasis in tropical communities","volume":"24","author":"Spillmann","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R18-7-20210128","first-page":"3293","article-title":"Visceral larva migrans and other unusual helminth infections","author":"Nash","year":"2005"},{"key":"R19-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90844-2","article-title":"An outbreak of visceral larva migrans due to Ascaris suum in Kyushu Japan","volume":"347","author":"Maruyama","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R20-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70098-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans","volume":"8","author":"Heukelbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R21-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldl015","article-title":"Human allergy and intestinal helminth infections: a review of the literature and discussion of a conceptual model to investigate the possible causal association","volume":"79\u201380","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"R22-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.03027.x","article-title":"Early infections with intestinal helminths reduce the risk of atopy later in childhood","volume":"38","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"R23-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364030","article-title":"An asthma-associated genetic variant of STAT6 predicts low burden of Ascaris worm infestation","volume":"5","author":"Peisong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"R24-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm131","article-title":"Genetic haplotypes of Th-2 immune signaling link allergy to enhanced protection to parasitic worms","volume":"16","author":"Moller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Mol Gen"},{"key":"R25-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-331OC","article-title":"Asthma and current intestinal parasite infection: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Leonardi-Bee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R26-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1348","article-title":"Reduced risk of atopy among school age children infected with geohelminth parasites in a rural area of the tropics","volume":"111","author":"Cooper","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R27-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02479.x","article-title":"Respiratory atopic disease, Ascaris-immunoglobulin E and tuberculin testing in urban South African children","volume":"36","author":"Obihara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"R28-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.08.035","article-title":"Poor sanitation and helminth infection protect against skin sensitization in Vietnamese children: a cross-sectional study","volume":"118","author":"Flohr","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R29-7-20210128","first-page":"29","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis decreases immune responses to allergens and clinical manifestations of asthma","volume":"90","author":"Araujo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem Immunol Allergy"},{"key":"R30-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03206-2","article-title":"Decreased atopy in children infected with Schistosoma haematobium: a role for parasite-induced interleukin-10","volume":"356","author":"van den Biggelaar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R31-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01107.x","article-title":"The role of parasitic infections in atopic diseases in rural schoolchildren","volume":"61","author":"Karadag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R32-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107020","article-title":"Ascaris lumbricoides infection is associated with increased risk of childhood asthma and atopy in rural China","volume":"165","author":"Palmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R33-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70129-0","article-title":"Ascaris-specific IgE and allergic sensitization in a cohort of school children in the former East Germany","volume":"102","author":"Dold","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R34-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.12.609","article-title":"Sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides and severity of childhood asthma in Costa Rica","volume":"119","author":"Hunninghake","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R35-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1086\/315830","article-title":"Human infection with Ascaris lumbricoides is associated with a polarized cytokine response","volume":"182","author":"Cooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R36-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200211-1320OC","article-title":"Allergy symptoms, atopy, and geohelminth infections in a rural area of Ecuador","volume":"168","author":"Cooper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Resp Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R37-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200210-1204OC","article-title":"Wheezing, allergy and parasite infection in children in urban and rural Ethiopia","volume":"167","author":"Dagoye","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Resp Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R38-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02181.x","article-title":"Wheeze, allergic sensitization and geohelminth infection in Butajira, Ethiopia","volume":"35","author":"Davey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"R39-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.03.036","article-title":"Allergen-specific IgE and IgG4 are markers of resistance and susceptibility in a human intestinal nematode infection","volume":"7","author":"Turner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"R40-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2003.00062.x","article-title":"Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy in urban, peri-urban, and rural South African children","volume":"14","author":"Steinman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R41-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02890.x","article-title":"High titre of anti-Ascaris immunoglobulin E associated with bronchial asthma symptoms in 5-year-old rural Bangladeshi children","volume":"38","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"R42-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.06.010","article-title":"Infection by Ascaris lumbricoides and bronchial hyper reactivity: an outstanding association in Venezuelan school children from endemic areas","volume":"103","author":"Hagel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"R43-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00127606","article-title":"Nonatopic asthma is associated with helminth infections and bronchiolitis in poor children","volume":"29","author":"Pereira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R44-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20833","article-title":"Intestinal helminth infestation is associated with increased bronchial responsiveness in children","volume":"43","author":"da Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"R45-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01988.x","article-title":"Association of atopy, asthma, atopic dermatitis and intestinal helminth infections in Cuban children","volume":"13","author":"Wordemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"R46-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90119-Z","article-title":"Effect of anthelmintic treatment on the allergic reactivity of children in a tropical slum","volume":"92","author":"Lynch","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R47-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1086\/381767","article-title":"Long-term treatment of intestinal helminths increases mite skin-test reactivity in Gabonese schoolchildren","volume":"189","author":"van den Bigelaar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R48-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68697-2","article-title":"Impact of bimonthly treatment of geohelminth-infected children with albendazole on atopy prevalence: a cluster-randomized trial","volume":"367","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R49-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.11.027","article-title":"Risk factors for wheezing in a subtropical environment: role of respiratory viruses and allergen sensitization","volume":"113","author":"Camara","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R50-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70386-0","article-title":"Relationship between helminthic infection and IgE response in atopic and nonatopic children in a tropical environment","volume":"101","author":"Lynch","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R51-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.1.9606081","article-title":"Clinical improvement of asthma after anthelmintic treatment in a tropical situation","volume":"156","author":"Lynch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R52-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.02934.x","article-title":"Toxocara canis infection: an important and neglected risk factor for asthma?","volume":"38","author":"Cooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"R53-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fml083","article-title":"Bottle feeding and exposure to Toxocara as risk factors for wheezing illness among under-five Amazonian children: a population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"53","author":"Ferreira","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trop Ped"},{"key":"R54-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.12.1357","article-title":"Exposure to the fish parasite Anisakis causes allergic airway hyperreactivity and dermatitis","volume":"117","author":"Nieuwenhuizen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R55-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-07","article-title":"Anisakis simplex: from obscure infectious worm to inducer of immune hypersensitivity","volume":"21","author":"Audicana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R56-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.024","article-title":"Early life risk factors for atopic dermatitis in Ethiopian children","volume":"115","author":"Haileamlak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R57-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00801.x","article-title":"Worm infestation and the negative association with eczema (atopic\/nonatopic) and allergic sensitization","volume":"60","author":"Schafer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R58-7-20210128","first-page":"2032","article-title":"Helminth infection during pregnancy and development of infantile eczema","volume":"294","author":"Elliott","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"R59-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00792.x","article-title":"Immunomodulation by filarial nematodes","volume":"27","author":"Hoerauf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"R60-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/01.all.0000182536.55650.d0","article-title":"Immunologic responses to common antigens in helminthic infections and allergic disease","volume":"5","author":"Arruda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R61-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1147","article-title":"Cross-reactive IgE antibody responses to tropomyosins from Ascaris lumbricoides and cockroach","volume":"121","author":"Santos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R62-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1086\/586717","article-title":"Intensity of intestinal infection with multiple worm species is related to regulatory cytokine output and immune hyporesponsiveness","volume":"197","author":"Turner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R63-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1574-1580.2001","article-title":"Human infection with Ascaris lumbricoides is associated with suppression of the interleukin-2 response to recombinant cholera toxin B subunit following vaccination with the live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR","volume":"69","author":"Cooper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R64-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02449.x","article-title":"Cellular responses and cytokine production in posttreatment hookworm patients from an endemic area in Brazil","volume":"136","author":"Geiger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"R65-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1086\/586904","article-title":"Ascaris lumbricoides-induced interleukin-10 is not associated with atopy in schoolchildren in a rural area of the tropics","volume":"197","author":"Cooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R66-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1086\/425017","article-title":"Impaired T helper 2 response to aeroallergen in helminth-infected patients with asthma","volume":"190","author":"Araujo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R67-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61070-8","article-title":"Skin test reactivity and Der p-induced interleukin 10 production in patients with asthma or rhinitis infected with Ascaris","volume":"96","author":"Ponte","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Allegy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R68-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1086\/591945","article-title":"Repeated treatments with albendazole enhance Th2 responses to Ascaris lumbricoides, but not to aeroallergens, in children from rural communities in the Tropics","volume":"198","author":"Cooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R69-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200607-994OC","article-title":"Atopic sensitization and the international variation of asthma symptom prevalence in children","volume":"176","author":"Weinmayr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R70-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.02.002","article-title":"Parasite role reversal: worms on trial","volume":"21","author":"Falcone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32831f44a6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:28:25Z","timestamp":1786037305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00130832-200902000-00007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aci.0b013e32831f44a6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-4050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1528-4050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}}}