{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:47:50Z","timestamp":1790736470946,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/aci.0b013e32833dfa28","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,18]],"date-time":"2010-08-18T11:52:43Z","timestamp":1282132363000},"page":"469-477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis with ophthalmic corticosteroids: in search of the perfect ocular corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Brett P","family":"Bielory","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor L","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Bielory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-3-67","article-title":"The reliability, validity, and preliminary responsiveness of the Eye Allergy Patient Impact Questionnaire (EAPIQ)","volume":"3","author":"Alexander","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"R2-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2007.12.005","article-title":"Allergic conjunctivitis","volume":"28","author":"Bielory","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"R3-11-20210128","first-page":"A22","article-title":"Epidemiology of ocular allergy symptoms in United States adults (1988\u20131994). Abstract 35","volume":"98","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R4-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.042","article-title":"Allergic conjunctivitis: update on pathophysiology and prospects for future treatment","volume":"115","author":"Ono","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R5-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.11.1.17.26437","article-title":"Economic and quality-of-life impact of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in Oxfordshire","volume":"11","author":"Pitt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"R6-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580590967781","article-title":"The economic and quality of life impact of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in a Spanish setting","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"R7-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2007.28.3011","article-title":"The pathophysiology of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis","volume":"28","author":"Broide","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"R8-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70308-8","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the inflammatory response","volume":"104","author":"Pearlman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R9-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.111029","article-title":"Allergic and immunologic disorders of the eye. Part I: immunology of the eye","volume":"106","author":"Bielory","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R10-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2005.08.013","article-title":"Allergic diseases of the eye","volume":"90","author":"Bielory","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"R11-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:20:2:183","article-title":"Allergic ocular disease: a review of pathophysiology and clinical presentations","volume":"20","author":"Bielory","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R12-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3282ef8674","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of ocular allergy: a schematic approach to different clinical entities","volume":"7","author":"Leonardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R13-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.1998.34.11.487480","article-title":"Ocular allergic disease","volume":"34","author":"Bhargava","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drugs Today (Barc)"},{"key":"R14-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/01.all.0000183113.63311.11","article-title":"Histamine receptors and the conjunctiva","volume":"5","author":"Bielory","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R16-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200262110-00004","article-title":"Ocular allergy guidelines: a practical treatment algorithm","volume":"62","author":"Bielory","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"R17-11-20210128","first-page":"35","article-title":"Treating the ocular component of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and related eye disorders","volume":"9","author":"Bielory","year":"2007","journal-title":"MedGenMed"},{"key":"R18-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.06.003","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter","volume":"122","author":"Wallace","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R19-11-20210128","first-page":"41","article-title":"Conjunctivitis, Preferred Practice Pattern. Available at: . Accessed September 19, 2008.","volume":"1-","year":"2003","journal-title":"San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R20-11-20210128","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treat Guidel Med L","volume":"5","year":"2007","journal-title":"ett"},{"key":"R21-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.3.5.541","article-title":"Update on ocular allergy treatment","volume":"3","author":"Bielory","year":"2002","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"R23-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(94)90081-7","article-title":"Conjunctivitis medicamentosa","volume":"94","author":"Spector","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R24-11-20210128","first-page":"485","article-title":"Ocular allergy: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"18","author":"Butrus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R25-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2007.12.001","article-title":"Ocular allergy treatment.","volume":"28","author":"Bielory","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"R26-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2006.22.155","article-title":"Comparison of ketorolac tromethamine, diclofenac sodium, and loteprednol etabonate in an animal model of ocular inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Waterbury","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R27-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-002-0061-7","article-title":"The central role of conjunctival mast cells in the pathogenesis of ocular allergy","volume":"2","author":"Leonardi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"R28-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200410000-00020","article-title":"Ocular allergic disease","volume":"4","author":"Stahl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R29-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(03)01859-1","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids: past lessons and future issues","volume":"112","author":"Allen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R30-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6696.432","article-title":"Steroid aerosols and cataract formation","volume":"299","author":"Allen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R31-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200012000-00016","article-title":"Ocular complications of topical, peri-ocular, and systemic corticosteroids","volume":"11","author":"Carnahan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R32-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(02)00297-8","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids","volume":"96","author":"Schacke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R33-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E820","DOI":"10.1208\/aapsj070479","article-title":"Ophthalmic drug design based on the metabolic activity of the eye: soft drugs and chemical delivery systems","volume":"7","author":"Bodor","year":"2005","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"R34-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111599","article-title":"Nonenzymatic addition of glucocorticoids to lens proteins in steroid-induced cataracts","volume":"74","author":"Manabe","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R35-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1998.14.153","article-title":"Failure to detect systemic levels, and effects of loteprednol etabonate and its metabolite, PJ-91, following chronic ocular administration","volume":"14","author":"Howes","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R36-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200225010-00004","article-title":"Locally administered ocular corticosteroids: benefits and risks","volume":"25","author":"McGhee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"R37-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60702-8","article-title":"In search of the perfect steroid","volume":"98","author":"Bielory","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R38-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2005.05.006","article-title":"Effects of glucocorticosteroids on the skin and eye","volume":"25","author":"Beltrani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"R39-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1094-5539(03)00105-6","article-title":"Soft steroids: a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory airways diseases","volume":"16","author":"Belvisi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R40-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(91)90120-T","article-title":"Soft drugs: 10. Blanching activity and receptor binding affinity of a new type of glucocorticoid: loteprednol etabonate","volume":"38","author":"Druzgala","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"R41-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2210-7-7","article-title":"Uptake and metabolism of ciclesonide and retention of desisobutyryl-ciclesonide for up to 24 hours in rabbit nasal mucosa","volume":"7","author":"Sato","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol"},{"key":"R42-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(95)00002-P","article-title":"In vitro drug release from HYC 141, a corticosteroid ester of high molecular weight hyaluronan","volume":"34","author":"Payan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Control Rel"},{"key":"R43-11-20210128","first-page":"35","article-title":"N-substituted (aminomethyl)benzoate 21-esters of corticosteroids as water-soluble, solution-stable and biolabile prodrugs","volume":"4","author":"Jensen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Nord"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"R44-11-20210128","first-page":"12","article-title":"Steriods in the treatment of dry eye: mechanism and treatment strategy","volume":"10","author":"Donnenfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Refract Eyecare"},{"key":"R45-11-20210128","first-page":"1274","article-title":"Intraocular pressure response to topical corticosteroids","volume":"24","author":"Armaly","year":"1965","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"R46-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199303320-00013","article-title":"Corticosteroid-induced glaucoma","volume":"33","author":"Urban","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"R47-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020040429006","article-title":"Comparative ocular pressure elevation by medrysone, fluorometholone, and dexamethasone phosphate","volume":"98","author":"Mindel","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R48-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100140141005","article-title":"Intraocular pressure-raising potential of 1.0% rimexolone in patients responding to corticosteroids","volume":"114","author":"Leibowitz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R49-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31815873c7","article-title":"Effects of loteprednol\/tobramycin versus dexamethasone\/tobramycin on intraocular pressure in healthy volunteers","volume":"27","author":"Holland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R50-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1185\/030079908X253898","article-title":"Comparison of the safety and efficacy of loteprednol 0.5%\/tobramycin 0.3% with dexamethasone 0. 1%\/tobramycin 0. 3% in the treatment of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis","volume":"24","author":"White","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"R51-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1993.9.157","article-title":"Intraocular pressure response to loteprednol etabonate in known steroid responders","volume":"9","author":"Bartlett","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol"},{"key":"R52-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ICL.0000092071.82938.46","article-title":"Long-term safety of loteprednol etabonate 0.2% in the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis","volume":"30","author":"Ilyas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"R53-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181a3c52f","article-title":"Attenuation of ocular hypertension with the use of topical loteprednol etabonate 0.5% in steroid responders after corneal transplantation","volume":"28","author":"Holland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R54-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2004.20.533","article-title":"Comparison of topical steroids for acute anterior uveitis","volume":"20","author":"Samudre","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R55-11-20210128","first-page":"31","article-title":"A double-masked, placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of loteprednol etabonate in the treatment of giant papillary conjunctivitis","volume":"23","author":"Asbell","year":"1997","journal-title":"CLAO J"},{"key":"R56-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689308999455","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of loteprednol etabonate for treatment of papillae in contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis","volume":"12","author":"Bartlett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R57-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70171-0","article-title":"A double-masked, placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of loteprednol etabonate in the treatment of giant papillary conjunctivitis. Loteprednol Etabonate Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis Study Group I","volume":"123","author":"Friedlaender","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R58-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00034-3","article-title":"Controlled evaluation of loteprednol etabonate and prednisolone acetate in the treatment of acute anterior uveitis.","volume":"127","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R59-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)99054-6","article-title":"A double-masked, placebo-controlled evaluation of 0.5% loteprednol etabonate in the treatment of postoperative inflammation.","volume":"105","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R60-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(98)80170-3","article-title":"Double-masked, placebo-controlled evaluation of loteprednol etabonate 0.5% for postoperative inflammation. Loteprednol Etabonate Postoperative Inflammation Study Group 1","volume":"24","author":"Stewart","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R61-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71128-6","article-title":"A controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of loteprednol etabonate in the prophylactic treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Loteprednol Allergic Conjunctivitis Study Group","volume":"123","author":"Dell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R62-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1998.14.533","article-title":"The conjunctival provocation test model of ocular allergy: utility for assessment of an ocular corticosteroid, loteprednol etabonate","volume":"14","author":"Abelson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R63-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70094-6","article-title":"A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled parallel study of 0.2% loteprednol etabonate in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis","volume":"102","author":"Dell","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R64-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90077-5","article-title":"A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled parallel study of loteprednol etabonate 0.2% in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis","volume":"106","author":"Shulman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R65-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(02)80007-8","article-title":"Comparison of the clinical efficacy and tolerability of olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution and loteprednol etabonate 0.2% ophthalmic suspension in the conjunctival allergen challenge model","volume":"24","author":"Berdy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"R67-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31815c5f4f","article-title":"Prevalence of ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients","volume":"17","author":"Leung","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"R68-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.5.615","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index","volume":"118","author":"Schiffman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R69-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.132621","article-title":"Treatment of ocular inflammatory conditions with loteprednol etabonate","volume":"92","author":"Pavesio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R71-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200410000-00016","article-title":"Developments in ocular allergy","volume":"4","author":"Chambless","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R72-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60624-2","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of intranasal ciclesonide in adult and adolescent patients with perennial allergic rhinitis","volume":"99","author":"Chervinsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R73-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60110-X","article-title":"Onset of action of ciclesonide once daily in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis","volume":"102","author":"Couroux","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R74-11-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199808000-00009","article-title":"Change in intraocular pressure during long-term use of loteprednol etabonate","volume":"7","author":"Novack","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32833dfa28","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:35:35Z","timestamp":1786041335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00130832-201010000-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aci.0b013e32833dfa28","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-4050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1528-4050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}}}