{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T05:20:18Z","timestamp":1793337618904,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose of review<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The share of cardiac procedures performed in settings involving nonoperating room anaesthesia (NORA) continues to grow rapidly, and the number of publications related to anaesthetic techniques in cardiac catheterization laboratories is substantial. We aim to summarize the most recent evidence about outcomes related to type of anaesthetic in minimally invasive cardiac procedures.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Recent findings<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The latest studies, primarily focused on transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr), demonstrate the need for reliable monitoring and appropriate training of the interdisciplinary teams involved in this high-risk NORA setting.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Inappropriate sedation and concurrent inadequate oxygenation are main risk factors for claims involving NORA care. Current evidence deriving from TAVR shows that monitored anaesthesia care (MAC) is associated with shorter length of stay and lower mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/aco.0000000000001007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T00:00:20Z","timestamp":1618617620000},"page":"437-442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anaesthesia for minimally invasive cardiac procedures in the catheterization lab"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Meineri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Pilgrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Research and Innovation, Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenz","family":"R\u00e4ber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus M.","family":"Luedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000156","article-title":"Interventional procedures outside of the operating room: results from the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Patient Saf"},{"key":"R2-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e32832dba50","article-title":"The risk and safety of anesthesia at remote locations: the US closed claims analysis","volume":"22","author":"Metzner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R3-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.06.002","article-title":"Preoperative management of anticoagulation in the surgical patient: highlights of the latest guidelines","volume":"34","author":"Elgamal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R4-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.05.001","article-title":"Telemedicine for preoperative assessment during a COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations for clinical care","volume":"34","author":"Mihalj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R5-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.009","article-title":"Preoperative patient evaluation: challenges and opportunities","volume":"34","author":"Luedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R6-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000743","article-title":"Nonoperating room anesthesia education: preparing our residents for the future","volume":"32","author":"Boggs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R7-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00004311-200341020-00003","article-title":"Anesthesia outside the operating room: general overview and monitoring standards","volume":"41","author":"Kotob","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"R8-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e32833b7d7c","article-title":"Risks of anesthesia or sedation outside the operating room: the role of the anesthesia care provider","volume":"23","author":"Metzner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R9-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.01.060","article-title":"Comparison of patient outcomes of transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement using pre-sedation radial versus post-sedation femoral arterial sites for blood pressure monitoring","volume":"33","author":"Cook","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R10-20250601","first-page":"Cd009491","article-title":"Midazolam for sedation before procedures","volume":"2016","author":"Conway","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R11-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.01.224","article-title":"Operator-directed procedural sedation in the congenital cardiac catheterization laboratory","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Byrne","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R12-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2019.08.015","article-title":"Sedation and analgesia for cardiac catheterisation and coronary intervention","volume":"29","author":"Whitehead","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"R13-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000035","DOI":"10.1161\/HCV.0000000000000035","article-title":"An update on radial artery access and best practices for transradial coronary angiography and intervention in acute coronary syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"11","author":"Mason","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R14-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_171_17","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine versus ketofol sedation for outpatient diagnostic transesophageal echocardiography: a randomized controlled study","volume":"21","author":"Sruthi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"R15-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1177\/0218492314548231","article-title":"Experience of left atrial appendage closure performed under conscious sedation","volume":"23","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann"},{"key":"R16-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2020.0184","article-title":"Impact of conscious sedation and general anesthesia on periprocedural outcomes in Watchman left atrial appendage closure","author":"Kleinecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiol J"},{"key":"R17-20250601","first-page":"358","article-title":"Evaluation of effectiveness and safety of left atrial appendage closure under moderate conscious sedation","volume":"32","author":"Ates","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"R18-20250601","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of same day discharge after left atrial appendage closure under moderate conscious sedation","author":"Marmagkiolis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R19-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13707","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of forced air warming during sedation in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory","author":"Conway","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"R20-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312191","article-title":"Forced air warming during sedation in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"104","author":"Conway","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"R21-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001458","article-title":"High flow nasal oxygen during procedural sedation for cardiac implantable electronic device procedures: a randomised controlled trial","author":"Conway","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R22-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026656","article-title":"Conscious sedation versus general anesthesia for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: insights from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Society of Thoracic Surgeons\/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry","volume":"136","author":"Hyman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R23-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2020.03.008","article-title":"Conscious sedation versus general anesthesia for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: variation in practice and outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Butala","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R24-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046451","article-title":"General versus local anesthesia with conscious sedation in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the randomized SOLVE-TAVI trial","volume":"142","author":"Thiele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R25-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.09.083","article-title":"The effect of anesthesia type on outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement","volume":"35","author":"Abbett","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R26-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.05.047","article-title":"Local versus general anesthesia for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a SwissTAVI Registry Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Muller","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R27-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.29496","article-title":"Comparing outcomes of general anesthesia and monitored anesthesia care during transcatheter aortic valve replacement: the Cleveland Clinic Foundation experience","author":"Sammour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R28-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0227345","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227345","article-title":"A logistic regression analysis comparing minimalistic approach and intubation anaesthesia in patients undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement","volume":"15","author":"Maier","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R29-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.05.040","article-title":"The incidence of dysphagia among patients undergoing TAVR with either general anesthesia or moderate sedation","volume":"33","author":"Mukdad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R30-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.12.020","article-title":"The Vancouver 3\u200aM (Multidisciplinary, Multimodality, But Minimalist) clinical pathway facilitates safe next-day discharge home at low-, medium-, and high-volume transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement centers: the 3\u200aM TAVR Study","volume":"12","author":"Wood","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R31-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005105","article-title":"Emergency manuals in context: one component of resilient performance","volume":"131","author":"Luedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R32-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2019.08.080","article-title":"Transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement using fascia iliaca block as an alternative approach to conscious sedation as compared to general anesthesia","volume":"21","author":"Lau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"R33-20250601","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical plexus block for transcarotid transcatheter aortic valve replacement","author":"Colegrave","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R34-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.12.031","article-title":"Comparison of deep sedation and general anesthesia with an endotracheal tube for transcaval transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a pioneering institution's experience","author":"Sanders","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R35-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.08.039","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine is an equal cost alternative to propofol in transcatheter aortic valve replacement, with equivalent in-hospital and 30-day outcomes","volume":"35","author":"Kronfli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R36-20250601","first-page":"E220","article-title":"Safety of conscious sedation for transcatheter aortic valve replacement without an anesthetist","volume":"33","author":"Prendiville","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"R37-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2018.06.014","article-title":"Critical adverse events during transfemoral TAVR in conscious sedation. Is an anesthesiologic support mandatory?","volume":"19","author":"Mayr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"R38-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.04.005","article-title":"Outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a propensity matched retrospective cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Brovman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R39-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000683","article-title":"European Society of Anaesthesiology and European Board of Anaesthesiology guidelines for procedural sedation and analgesia in adults","volume":"35","author":"Hinkelbein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R40-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009355","article-title":"Percutaneous repair or surgery for mitral regurgitation","volume":"364","author":"Feldman","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R41-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1805374","article-title":"Percutaneous repair or medical treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation","volume":"379","author":"Obadia","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R42-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806640","article-title":"Transcatheter mitral-valve repair in patients with heart failure","volume":"379","author":"Stone","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R43-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-020-01362-6","article-title":"Role of the imager in transcatheter mitral valve repair","volume":"22","author":"Marcoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"R44-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28671","article-title":"Multisociety expert consensus systems of care document 2019\u200aAATS\/ACC\/SCAI\/STS expert consensus systems of care document: operator and institutional recommendations and requirements for transcatheter mitral valve intervention: a joint report of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, the American College of Cardiology, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and The Society of Thoracic Surgeons","volume":"95","author":"Bonow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R45-20250601","first-page":"206","article-title":"Evaluation of effectiveness and safety of transcatheter mitral valve repair under moderate conscious sedation","volume":"32","author":"Ates","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"R46-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E123","DOI":"10.25270\/jic\/20.00417","article-title":"Feasibility of same-day discharge approach after transcatheter mitral valve repair procedures","volume":"33","author":"Marmagkiolis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"R47-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.037","article-title":"Recent developments in cardiology procedures for adult congenital heart disease: the anesthesiologist's perspective","volume":"35","author":"Finnerty","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R48-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001608","article-title":"SCAI\/CCAS\/SPA Expert Consensus Statement for Anesthesia and Sedation Practice: recommendations for patients undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the pediatric and congenital cardiac catheterization laboratory","volume":"123","author":"Odegard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R49-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01677.x","article-title":"Incidents and complications during pediatric cardiac catheterization","volume":"15","author":"Bennett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"R50-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.26300","article-title":"CRISP: Catheterization RISk score for Pediatrics: a report from the Congenital Cardiac Interventional Study Consortium (CCISC)","volume":"87","author":"Nykanen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R51-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.27837","article-title":"Validation and refinement of the catheterization RISk score for pediatrics (CRISP score): an analysis from the congenital cardiac interventional study consortium","volume":"93","author":"Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R52-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001714","article-title":"Successful personalities in anesthesiology and acute care medicine: are we selecting, training, and supporting the best?","volume":"124","author":"Luedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R53-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001605","article-title":"In dialogue","volume":"123","author":"Luedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R54-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000000780","article-title":"Interdisciplinary dialogue is needed when defining perioperative recommendations: conflicting guidelines for anesthetizing patients for pilonidal surgery","volume":"11","author":"Andersson","year":"2018","journal-title":"A A Pract"},{"key":"R55-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0000000000000215","article-title":"Nontechnical skills in a technical world","volume":"57","author":"Loup","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"R56-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004542","article-title":"Burnout in anesthesiology providers: shedding light on a global problem","volume":"130","author":"Milenovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R57-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40140-020-00377-7","article-title":"Recommendations for preoperative assessment and shared decision-making in cardiac surgery","volume":"10","author":"Mihalj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Anesthesiol Rep"},{"key":"R58-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001187","article-title":"Implications of patient age and ASA physical status for operating room management decisions","volume":"122","author":"Luedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R59-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001672","article-title":"Implications of perioperative team setups for operating room management decisions","volume":"124","author":"Doll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R60-20250601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000403","article-title":"On patient safety, teams and psychologically disturbed pilots","volume":"33","author":"Luedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T22:13:06Z","timestamp":1748815986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aco.0000000000001007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-7907","1473-6500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-7907","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-6500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]}}}