{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:39:36Z","timestamp":1780511976336,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/adm.0000000000000050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,20]],"date-time":"2014-06-20T13:14:35Z","timestamp":1403270075000},"page":"271-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Disorders, Smoking, and Hazardous Drinking Among a Population-Based Cohort of US Service Members"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tyler C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia A.","family":"LeardMann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Besa","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel G.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon C.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy S.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Boyko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret A.K.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"R2-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.141","article-title":"The CRF system, stress, depression and anxiety-insights from human genetic studies.","volume":"15","author":"Binder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"R3-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.3.289","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and the incidence of nicotine, alcohol, and other drug disorders in persons who have experienced trauma.","volume":"60","author":"Breslau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"R4-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703008869","article-title":"Daily smoking and the subsequent onset of psychiatric disorders.","volume":"34","author":"Breslau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R5-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00317-2","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders and stages of smoking.","volume":"55","author":"Breslau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"R6-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20007","article-title":"Systematic review of screening instruments for adults at risk of PTSD.","volume":"18","author":"Brewin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"5","key":"R7-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.v03n0504","article-title":"Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care patients.","volume":"3","author":"Bruce","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"R8-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02247.x","article-title":"Alcohol use trajectories among adults in an urban area after a disaster: evidence from a population-based cohort study.","volume":"103","author":"Cerda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"5","key":"R10-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000164544.45746.A7","article-title":"Quantifying the risks associated with exceeding recommended drinking limits.","volume":"29","author":"Dawson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R11-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v30i1.447","article-title":"The CAGE questionnaire for alcohol misuse: a review of reliability and validity studies.","volume":"30","author":"Dhalla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R12-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.3.472","article-title":"AHA Science Advisory: wine and your heart: a science advisory for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing of the American Heart Association.","volume":"103","author":"Goldberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"R13-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.9.1023","article-title":"Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan.","volume":"295","author":"Hoge","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"R14-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040603","article-title":"Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care.","volume":"351","author":"Hoge","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R15-7-20210126","first-page":"241","article-title":"Stress-response syndromes: a review of posttraumatic and adjustment disorders.","volume":"37","author":"Horowitz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hosp Commun Psychiatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"R16-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.6.663","article-title":"Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems before and after military combat deployment.","volume":"300","author":"Jacobson","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"R17-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.09.008","article-title":"Differential nicotinic regulation of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways: implications for drug development.","volume":"31","author":"Janhunen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"R18-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.019752","article-title":"Work stress, smoking status, and smoking intensity: an observational study of 46,190 employees.","volume":"59","author":"Kouvonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"R19-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.4589","article-title":"; for the Millennium Cohort Study Team. Smallpox vaccination: comparison of self-reported and electronic vaccine records in the Millennium Cohort Study.","volume":"3","author":"LeardMann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin"},{"key":"R20-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-99","article-title":"Assessing nonresponse bias at follow-up in a large prospective cohort of relatively young and mobile military service members.","volume":"10","author":"Littman","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R21-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v17n01_06","article-title":"Comorbid cigarette and alcohol addiction: epidemiology and treatment.","volume":"17","author":"Miller","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"issue":"18","key":"R22-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.18.2141","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of mental health problems among active and reserve component soldiers returning from the Iraq war.","volume":"298","author":"Milliken","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"R23-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1244","article-title":"Nicotine amplifies reward-related dopamine signals in striatum.","volume":"7","author":"Rice","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"R24-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2003.12.002","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and smoking status: the role of smoking cessation.","volume":"58","author":"Romberger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"2","key":"R25-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.05.009","article-title":"Millennium Cohort: enrollment begins a 21-year contribution to understanding the impact of military service.","volume":"60","author":"Ryan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R26-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II.","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"R27-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00715-8","article-title":"Nicotinic-serotonergic interactions in brain and behaviour.","volume":"71","author":"Seth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"R28-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/09603120701372243","article-title":"; for the Millennium Cohort Study Team. The occupational role of women in military service: validation of occupation and prevalence of exposures in the Millennium Cohort Study.","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"R29-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2006.12.015","article-title":"; for the Millennium Cohort Study Team. Anthrax vaccination in the Millennium Cohort; validation and measures of health.","volume":"32","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"R30-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm212","article-title":"; for the Millennium Cohort Study Team. When epidemiology meets the Internet: Web-based surveys in the Millennium Cohort Study.","volume":"166","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"R31-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2006.12.002","article-title":"; for the Millennium Cohort Study Team. Reliability of standard health assessment instruments in a large, population-based cohort study.","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"R32-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.07.102","article-title":"U.S. military deployment during 2001-2006: comparison of subjective and objective data sources in a large prospective health study.","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"R33-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.07.009","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and military deployment: a prospective evaluation.","volume":"35","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"7640","key":"R34-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39430.638241.AE","article-title":"New-onset and persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder self reported after deployment and combat exposures: prospective population based US military cohort study.","volume":"336","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"R35-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31816a9dff","article-title":"Prior assault and posttraumatic stress disorder after combat deployment.","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"R36-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181b73146","article-title":"The US Department of Defense Millennium Cohort Study: career span and beyond longitudinal follow-up.","volume":"51","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"R37-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.18.1737","article-title":"Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ Primary Care Study. Primary care evaluation of mental disorders. Patient health questionnaire.","volume":"282","author":"Spitzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"R38-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.106580","article-title":"Validity and utility of the PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire in assessment of 3000 obstetric-gynecologic patients: the PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire Obstetrics-Gynecology Study.","volume":"183","author":"Spitzer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"22","key":"R39-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520220043029","article-title":"Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study.","volume":"272","author":"Spitzer","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"R42-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.30","article-title":"Neuropharmacology of alcohol addiction.","volume":"154","author":"Vengeliene","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R43-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-120037384","article-title":"Consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana among New York City residents six months after the September 11 terrorist attacks.","volume":"30","author":"Vlahov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"R45-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-007-9216-0","article-title":"Prior health care utilization as a potential determinant of enrollment in a 21-year prospective study, the Millennium Cohort Study.","volume":"23","author":"Wells","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R46-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.155432","article-title":"A prospective study of depression following combat deployment in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.","volume":"100","author":"Wells","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R47-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.313","article-title":"Adolescent-to-young adulthood heavy drinking trajectories and their prospective predictors.","volume":"66","author":"Windle","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"issue":"12","key":"R48-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00063-5","article-title":"Drug-activation of brain reward pathways.","volume":"51","author":"Wise","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"}],"container-title":["Journal of Addiction Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T21:57:00Z","timestamp":1620943020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01271255-201407000-00007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/adm.0000000000000050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-0620"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-0620","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}}}