{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:05:51Z","timestamp":1786118751064,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/adm.0b013e31816d699f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,4]],"date-time":"2008-05-04T02:24:26Z","timestamp":1209867866000},"page":"85-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Latent Class Analysis of DSM-III-R Pathological Gambling Criteria in Middle-Aged Men: Association with Psychiatric Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Xian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamini R.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc N.","family":"Potenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Volberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunanta","family":"Chantarujikapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"True","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming T.","family":"Tsuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth A.","family":"Eisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20210126","article-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. Text Revision) (DSM-IV-TR).","year":"2000"},{"key":"R3-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.19.2.175","article-title":"Self-reported gambling-related suicidality among gambling help line callers.","volume":"19","author":"Ledgerwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"R4-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2001.62.706","article-title":"Alcohol and gambling pathology among U.S. adults: prevalence, demographic patterns and comorbidity.","volume":"62","author":"Welte","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"R5-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0504","article-title":"Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.","author":"Petry","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-007-0283-z","article-title":"Gender differences in the associations between past-year gambling problems and psychiatric disorders.","volume":"43","author":"Desai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"R7-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.2.141","article-title":"Pathological gambling.","volume":"286","author":"Potenza","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R8-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1369","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada: a research synthesis.","volume":"86","author":"Shaffer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R9-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.9.1672","article-title":"Health correlates of recreational gambling in older adults.","volume":"161","author":"Desai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R10-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140532","article-title":"Gambling and related mental disorders: a public health analysis.","volume":"23","author":"Shaffer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"R11-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.7.666","article-title":"Common genetic vulnerability for pathological gambling and alcohol dependence in men.","volume":"57","author":"Slutske","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R12-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.180","article-title":"Reliability, validity and classification accuracy of a measure of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling.","volume":"160","author":"Stinchfield","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R13-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2003.00578.x","article-title":"The fascination of psychometrics: commentary on Gerstein et al (2003).","volume":"98","author":"Orford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R14-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2003.00569.x","article-title":"Moving beyond a dichotomous classification for gambling disorders.","volume":"98","author":"Petry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R15-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2003.00579.x","article-title":"Distribution of the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling.","volume":"98","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R16-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2003.00545.x","article-title":"A hierarchy of gambling disorders in the general population.","volume":"98","author":"Toce-Gerstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R17-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2003.00609.x","article-title":"Where to draw the line? Response to comments on \u201cA hierarchy of gambling disorders in the general population.\u201d","volume":"98","author":"Toce-Gerstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R18-5-20210126","article-title":"Latent Class Analysis.","author":"McCutcheon","year":"1987"},{"key":"R19-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01150.x","article-title":"Can we subtype alcoholism? A latent class analysis of data from relatives of alcoholics in a multicenter family study of alcoholism.","volume":"20","author":"Bucholz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R20-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02957.x","article-title":"Nicotine withdrawal in women.","volume":"92","author":"Madden","year":"1997","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R21-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.10.1398","article-title":"Latent class analysis of lifetime depressive symptoms in the National Comorbidity Survey.","volume":"155","author":"Sullivan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R22-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700026817","article-title":"The subtyping of schizophrenia in men and women: a latent class analysis.","volume":"24","author":"Castle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R23-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0504","article-title":"Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions.","volume":"66","author":"Petry","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R24-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1300\/J374v03n02_06","article-title":"Impulse control disorders and co-occurring disorders: dual diagnosis considerations.","volume":"3","author":"Potenza","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dual Diagnosis"},{"key":"R25-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.7.1093","article-title":"Taking chances: problem gamblers and mental health disorders - results from the St. Louis Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.","volume":"88","author":"Cunningham-Williams","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R26-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-007-0283-z","article-title":"Gender differences in the association between gambling problems and psychiatric disorders.","volume":"43","author":"Desai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc Psychol Psychiatric Epidemiol"},{"key":"R27-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.1.137","article-title":"Does sustained-release lithium reduce impulsive gambling and affective instability versus placebo in pathological gamblers with bipolar spectrum disorders?","volume":"162","author":"Hollander","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R28-5-20210126","first-page":"189","article-title":"Pathological Gambling: A Clinical Guide to Treatment.","author":"Hollander","year":"2004"},{"key":"R29-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.93913758.x","article-title":"Familial influences on gambling behavior: an analysis of 3359 twin pairs.","volume":"93","author":"Eisen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R30-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.9.1015","article-title":"Shared genetic contributions to pathological gambling and major depression in men.","volume":"62","author":"Potenza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R31-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.2.297","article-title":"A twin study of the association between pathological gambling and antisocial personality disorder.","volume":"110","author":"Slutske","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Abnormal Psychol"},{"key":"R32-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000004591","article-title":"The Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry: method of construction.","volume":"36","author":"Eisen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Genet Med Gemellol"},{"key":"R33-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1989.tb02967.x","article-title":"Determining zygosity in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry: an approach using questionnaires.","volume":"35","author":"Eisen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"R34-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000004608","article-title":"The Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry: ascertainment bias.","volume":"36","author":"Goldberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Genet Med Gemellol"},{"key":"R35-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950230020005","article-title":"Differential heritability of adult and juvenile antisocial traits.","volume":"52","author":"Lyons","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R36-5-20210126","first-page":"368","article-title":"The Vietnam Era Twin Registry: a resource for medical research.","volume":"105","author":"Henderson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Public Health Report"},{"key":"R37-5-20210126","article-title":"National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule Version III-Revised.","author":"Robins","year":"1988"},{"key":"R38-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1159\/000018922","article-title":"Structure, content and reliability of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) substance use sections.","volume":"4","author":"Lachner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Addictions"},{"key":"R39-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(94)90036-1","article-title":"Reliability and validity studies of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): a critical review.","volume":"28","author":"Wittchen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Psychiatric Res"},{"key":"R40-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00248.x","article-title":"Familial clustering of latent class and DSM-IV defined attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes.","volume":"45","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R41-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdg056","article-title":"Making sense of symptom checklists: a latent class approach to the first 9 years of the British Household Panel Survey.","volume":"25","author":"Sacker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Public Health Med"},{"key":"R42-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704003289","article-title":"Latent class typology of nicotine withdrawal: genetic contributions and association with failed smoking cessation and psychiatric disorders.","volume":"35","author":"Xian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R43-5-20210126","article-title":"Technical Guide for Latent GOLD 4.0: Basic and Advanced.","author":"Vermunt","year":"2005"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R44-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S272","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.2001.21.s1.s272","article-title":"Marker selection by Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion.","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"R45-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136","article-title":"Estimating the dimension of a model.","volume":"6","author":"Schwartz","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Statistics"},{"key":"R46-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150490522304","article-title":"Model selection and model averaging in phylogenetics: Advantages of Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Approaches over likelihood ration tests.","volume":"53","author":"Posada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"R47-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01591.x","article-title":"Should addictive disorders include non-substance-related conditions?","volume":"101","author":"Potenza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R48-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1126\/science.294.5544.980","article-title":"\u2018Behavioral\u2019 addictions: do they exist?","volume":"294","author":"Holden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R49-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01593.x","article-title":"Should the scope of addictive behaviors be broadened to include pathological gambling?","volume":"101","author":"Petry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R50-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706007410","article-title":"Sex differences in subclinical and DSM-IV pathological gambling: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.","volume":"36","author":"Blanco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R51-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379904400509","article-title":"Characteristics of problem gambling in a Canadian context: a preliminary study using a DSM-IV\/based questionnaire.","volume":"44","author":"Beaudoin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R52-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019763","article-title":"Pathological gambling: a review of the literature (prepared for the American Psychiatric Association Task Force on DSM-IV Committee on Disorders of Impulse Control Not Elsewhere Classified).","volume":"7","author":"Lesieur","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Gambling Stud"},{"key":"R53-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30229-6","article-title":"The pathological gambler as criminal offender. Comments on evaluation and treatment.","volume":"15","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"R54-5-20210126","article-title":"Pathological Gambling A Critical Review","year":"1999"},{"key":"R55-5-20210126","article-title":"The Phases in the Life of the Compulsive Gambler.","author":"Custer","year":"1985"},{"key":"R56-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230500295636","article-title":"Gender differences in adolescent gambling.","volume":"17","author":"Desai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R57-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.11.1116","article-title":"Psychiatric correlates of gambling in adolescents and young adults grouped by age at gambling onset.","volume":"61","author":"Lynch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R58-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-9002-4","article-title":"A gender-based examination of the correlates of past-year recreational gambling.","volume":"22","author":"Potenza","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gamb Stud"},{"key":"R59-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb03639.x","article-title":"Impulsivity in pathological gambling: the antisocial impulsivist.","volume":"92","author":"Blaszczynski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R60-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x","article-title":"A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling.","volume":"97","author":"Blaszczynski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R61-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01151.x","article-title":"Antisocial personality disorder is associated with increased severity of gambling, medical, drug and psychiatric problems among treatment-seeking pathological gamblers.","volume":"100","author":"Pietrzak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R62-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-20020301-11","article-title":"A perspective on future directions in the prevention, treatment, and research of pathological gambling.","volume":"32","author":"Potenza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann"},{"key":"R63-5-20210126","first-page":"14","article-title":"Problems with diagnostic criteria for depression.","volume":"45","author":"Carroll","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R64-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.2.319","article-title":"Weighting criteria in the diagnosis of a personality disorder: a demonstration.","volume":"102","author":"Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"R65-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790210087011","article-title":"Diagnostic efficiency and DSM-III.","volume":"41","author":"Widiger","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R66-5-20210126","article-title":"Gambling and Problem Gambling: An International Overview and Critique. Report Number One of the New Zealand Gambling Survey.","author":"Abbott","year":"1999"},{"key":"R67-5-20210126","article-title":"The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Final Report.","author":"Ferris","year":"2001"},{"key":"R68-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.67.5.35-42","article-title":"Boredom proneness in pathological gambling.","volume":"67","author":"Blaszczynsk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"R69-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.1995.9713978","article-title":"Motivation and gambling involvement.","volume":"135","author":"Chantal","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Soc Psychol"},{"key":"R70-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.116.535.593","article-title":"Varieties of pathological gambling.","volume":"116","author":"Moran","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R71-5-20210126","article-title":"Australia\u2019s Gambling Industries Inquiry Report. Volume 1, Report No. 10.","year":"1999"},{"key":"R72-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01539169","article-title":"Prevalence studies of problem gambling in the United States.","volume":"12","author":"Volberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gamb Stud"}],"container-title":["Journal of Addiction Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01271255-200806000-00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T16:53:13Z","timestamp":1786035193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01271255-200806000-00005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/adm.0b013e31816d699f","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-0620"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-0620","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}}}