{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:40:03Z","timestamp":1791499203765,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/adm.0b013e31820b3e3d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,15]],"date-time":"2011-01-15T01:10:49Z","timestamp":1295053849000},"page":"203-213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Impaired Decision Making in Opiate Addiction Correlates With Anxiety and Self-directedness but Not Substance Use Parameters"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Tagrid","family":"Lemenager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Reinhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Gelbke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Kniest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derik","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr4003_5","article-title":"Probing interactions in fixed and multilevel regression: inferential and graphical techniques.","volume":"40","author":"Bauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mult Behav Res"},{"key":"R2-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006657","article-title":"Neurocognitive deficits in decision-making and planning of patients with DSM-III-R borderline personality disorder.","volume":"32","author":"Bazanis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R3-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3","article-title":"Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex.","volume":"50","author":"Bechara","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"R4-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-13-05473.1999","article-title":"Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decision-making.","volume":"19","author":"Bechara","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R5-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression.","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00023-0","article-title":"The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait version: structure and content re-examined.","volume":"36","author":"Bieling","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"R7-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.012","article-title":"Neural substrates of faulty decision-making in abstinent marijuana users.","volume":"26","author":"Bolla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"R8-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.04.003","article-title":"Personality and decision-making in laboratory gambling tasksevidence for a relationship between deciding advantageously under risk conditions and perfectionism.","volume":"45","author":"Brand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pers Ind Diff"},{"key":"R9-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.017","article-title":"Executive functions and risky decision-making in patients with opiate dependence.","volume":"97","author":"Brand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R10-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1992.tb03118.x","article-title":"Self-reports by alcohol and drug abuse inpatients: factors affecting reliability and validity.","volume":"87","author":"Brown","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"R11-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.11.007","article-title":"Reflection impulsivity in current and former substance users.","volume":"60","author":"Clark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R12-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008","article-title":"A psychobiological model of temperament and character.","volume":"50","author":"Cloninger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R13-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2006.00490.x","article-title":"Switching between tasks and responses: a developmental study.","volume":"9","author":"Crone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Sci"},{"key":"R14-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(97)00117-8","article-title":"Polydrug dependence and psychiatric comorbidity among heroin injectors.","volume":"48","author":"Darke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R15-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.01.027","article-title":"Trait anxiety affects decision-making differently in healthy men and women: towards gender-specific endophenotypes of anxiety.","volume":"48","author":"de Visser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"R16-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2008.00129.x","article-title":"Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: a review of underlying processes.","volume":"14","author":"de Wit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"R17-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00202.x","article-title":"Decision-making deficits in alcohol-dependent patients with and without comorbid personality disorder.","volume":"30","author":"Dom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R18-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.3.209","article-title":"Substance use disorders and the orbitofrontal cortex: systematic review of behavioural decision-making and neuroimaging studies.","volume":"187","author":"Dom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R19-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-2205-7","article-title":"Abnormal frontal activations related to decision-making in current and former amphetamine and opiate dependent individuals.","volume":"180","author":"Ersche","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"R20-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0515-z","article-title":"Differences in orbitofrontal activation during decision-making between methadone-maintained opiate users, heroin users and healthy volunteers.","volume":"188","author":"Ersche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"R21-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300812","article-title":"Punishment induces risky decision-making in methadone-maintained opiate users but not in heroin users or healthy volunteers.","volume":"30","author":"Ersche","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"R23-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2005.04.004","article-title":"Individual differences in decision-making.","volume":"39","author":"Franken","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pers Individ Diff"},{"key":"R24-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054705284501","article-title":"Decision making in children with ADHD only, ADHD-anxiousdepressed, and control children using a child version of the Iowa Gambling Task.","volume":"9","author":"Garon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"R25-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390600582446","article-title":"Executive functions among individuals with methamphetamine or alcohol as drugs of choice: preliminary observations.","volume":"29","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"R26-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00378.x","article-title":"Decision making and binge drinking: a longitudinal study.","volume":"31","author":"Goudriaan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R27-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.017","article-title":"Decision making in pathological gambling: a comparison between pathological gamblers, alcohol dependents, persons with Tourette syndrome, and normal controls.","volume":"23","author":"Goudriaan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"R28-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.04.007","article-title":"What do all personality disorders have in common Ineffectiveness and uncooperativeness.","volume":"49","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R29-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.16.4.344.24125","article-title":"Measuring the core features of personality disorders in substance abusers using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).","volume":"16","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"R30-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.02.003","article-title":"Reward-related decision-making deficits and elevated impulsivity among MDMA and other drug users.","volume":"96","author":"Hanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R31-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.3.924","article-title":"Computational procedures for probing interactions in OLS and logistic regression: SPSS and SAS implementations.","volume":"41","author":"Hayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"R32-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000189788","article-title":"Decision making of heavy cannabis users on the Iowa Gambling Task: stronger association with THC of hair analysis than with personality traits of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire.","volume":"15","author":"Hermann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"key":"R33-7-20210126","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure.","volume":"6","author":"Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Stat"},{"key":"R34-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2005.09.003","article-title":"Temperament, character and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population.","volume":"21","author":"Jylha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"R35-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.04.004","article-title":"Role of the primate orbitofrontal cortex in mediating anxious temperament.","volume":"62","author":"Kalin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R36-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.110","article-title":"Neurocircuitry of addiction.","volume":"35","author":"Koob","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"R37-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2005.01.025","article-title":"Low self-directedness (TCI), mood, schizotypy and hypnotic susceptibility.","volume":"39","author":"Laidlaw","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pers Individ Diff"},{"key":"R38-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.04.006","article-title":"The association between heroin use and anxiety sensitivity among inner-city individuals in residential drug use treatment.","volume":"44","author":"Lejuez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"R39-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20875","article-title":"The Iowa Gambling Task in fMRI images.","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"R40-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.8.2.225","article-title":"Loss of control in alcoholism and drug addiction: a neuroscientific interpretation.","volume":"8","author":"Lyvers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R41-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2007.11.010","article-title":"Anxiety impairs decision-making: psychophysiological evidence from an Iowa Gambling Task.","volume":"77","author":"Miu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"R42-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.12.005","article-title":"Sensitivity to reward and punishment and the prefrontal cortex in major depression.","volume":"90","author":"Must","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R43-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2009.12.006","article-title":"The reliability and validity of drug users self reports of amphetamine use among primarily heroin and cocaine users.","volume":"35","author":"Napper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"R44-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.10.008","article-title":"Neuropsychological predictors of clinical outcome in opiate addiction.","volume":"94","author":"Passetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R45-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.008","article-title":"Impaired decision-making in opiate-dependent subjects: effect of pharmacological therapies.","volume":"83","author":"Pirastu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R46-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(93)90065-H","article-title":"Can opiate addicts tell us about their relapse risk Subjective predictors of clinical prognosis.","volume":"18","author":"Powell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"R47-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.121.2.257","article-title":"Effects of anticipatory stress on decision making in a gambling task.","volume":"121","author":"Preston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"R48-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0256-4","article-title":"Elevated impulsivity and impaired decision-making cognition in heavy users of MDMA (Ecstasy).","volume":"189","author":"Quednow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"R50-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(97)00117-8","article-title":"Polydrug dependence and psychiatric comorbidity among heroin injectors.","volume":"48","author":"Darke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R51-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2003.10.003","article-title":"Impaired performance in a test of decision-making by opiate-dependent tobacco smokers.","volume":"73","author":"Rotheram-Fuller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R52-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210500123191","article-title":"Mood and affect during detoxification of opiate addicts: a comparison of buprenorphine versus methadone.","volume":"10","author":"Seifert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"R53-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1982.43.1157","article-title":"Reliability of alcohol use indices. The lifetime drinking history and the MAST.","volume":"43","author":"Skinner","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"R54-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2008.01.004","article-title":"Decision-making and risk aversion among depressive adults.","volume":"39","author":"Smoski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"R56-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000088620.66211.B1","article-title":"Anxiety symptoms in allergic patients: identification and risk factors.","volume":"65","author":"Stauder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"R57-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-5-1","article-title":"Dissociable processes underlying decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task: a new integrative framework.","volume":"5","author":"Stocco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"key":"R58-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.11.004","article-title":"Affect and personality correlates of the Iowa Gambling Task.","volume":"43","author":"Suhr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pers Individ Diff"},{"key":"R60-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.06.015","article-title":"Impaired decision-making in psychopathic heroin addicts.","volume":"86","author":"Vassileva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R61-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.004","article-title":"The differential relationship between cocaine use and marijuana use on decision-making performance over repeat testing with the Iowa Gambling Task.","volume":"90","author":"Verdejo-Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R62-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001507","article-title":"Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results from imaging studies and treatment implications.","volume":"9","author":"Volkow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R64-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-0045.2002.tb00582.x","article-title":"Career choice anxiety, coping, and perceived control.","volume":"50","author":"Weinstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Career Development Quarterly"},{"key":"R65-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000180777.41295.65","article-title":"Van der LM, dAcremont M, Jermann F, Bechara A. Impulsivity and decision making.","volume":"193","author":"Zermatten","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R67-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1037\/h0030478","article-title":"Dimensions of sensation seeking.","volume":"36","author":"Zuckerman","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R68-7-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(90)90064-5","article-title":"Influences of sensation seeking, gender, risk appraisal, and situational motivation on smoking.","volume":"15","author":"Zuckerman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Addict Behav"}],"container-title":["Journal of Addiction Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01271255-201109000-00007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:49:26Z","timestamp":1786042166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01271255-201109000-00007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/adm.0b013e31820b3e3d","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-0620"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-0620","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}