{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T08:02:47Z","timestamp":1793692967463,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/adm.0b013e3182872901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,22]],"date-time":"2013-03-22T21:15:03Z","timestamp":1363986903000},"page":"169-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Addiction to Propofol"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Paul H.","family":"Earley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torin","family":"Finver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"R2-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2012.684635","article-title":"Craving dominates propofol addiction of an affected physician.","volume":"44","author":"Bonnet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"R3-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0750-7658(89)80091-7","article-title":"Effects of propofol.","volume":"8","author":"Brazzalotto","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(94)90314-X","article-title":"The first fatal 2,6-di-isopropylphenol (propofol) poisoning in Singapore: a case report.","volume":"66","author":"Chao","year":"1994","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"R5-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb05807.x","article-title":"The general anesthetic propofol enhances the function of gamma-aminobutyric acid-coupled chloride channel in the rat cerebral cortex.","volume":"55","author":"Concas","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"R6-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03475.x","article-title":"Suicide and fatal drug overdose in child sexual abuse victims: a historical cohort study.","volume":"192","author":"Cutajar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"4","key":"R7-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13305J","article-title":"A fatality due to propofol poisoning.","volume":"37","author":"Drummer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"R9-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/61.suppl_4.S3","article-title":"Characteristics of anesthetic agents used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.","volume":"61","author":"Eger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"R10-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199210000-00028","article-title":"Anesthesiologist addicted to propofol.","volume":"77","author":"Follette","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R11-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2003.12.001","article-title":"Possible involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the actions of three clinically used drugs.","volume":"25","author":"Fowler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"R12-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200202000-00039","article-title":"Propofol dependency in a lay person.","volume":"96","author":"Fritz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R13-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v3i0.17734","article-title":"Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among patients with substance use disorder: it is higher than clinicians think it is.","volume":"3","author":"Gielen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"R14-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200303000-00007","article-title":"High-affinity block of voltage-operated rat IIA neuronal sodium channels by 2,6 di-tert-butylphenol, a propofol analogue.","volume":"20","author":"Haeseler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R15-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2011.00141.x","article-title":"Gender differences in trauma history and symptoms as predictors of relapse to alcohol and drug use.","volume":"20","author":"Heffner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"10","key":"R16-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.10.1348","article-title":"Resident physician substance use, by specialty.","volume":"149","author":"Hughes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"17","key":"R17-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480170059029","article-title":"Prevalence of substance use among US physicians.","volume":"267","author":"Hughes","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"R18-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s004149900129","article-title":"Death after excessive propofol abuse.","volume":"114","author":"Iwersen-Bergmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"R19-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20751","article-title":"Substance use, childhood traumatic experience, and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban civilian population.","volume":"27","author":"Khoury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"4","key":"R20-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200604000-00021","article-title":"Propofol inhibits phosphorylation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor NR1 subunits in neurons.","volume":"104","author":"Kingston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"R21-3-20210126","first-page":"1182","article-title":"Death from propofol: accident, suicide, or murder Anesthesia A","volume":"108","author":"Kirby","year":"2009","journal-title":"nalgesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"R22-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.010","article-title":"Evaluation of a fatal propofol intoxication due to self administration.","volume":"16","author":"Klausz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Forensic Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R23-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.12.027","article-title":"Lethal self administration of propofol (Diprivan): a case report and review of the literature.","volume":"167","author":"Kranioti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"R24-3-20210126","first-page":"70","article-title":"Fatal factors related to abuse of propofol (Diprivan) a case report and review of the literature.","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean J Leg Med"},{"key":"R25-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000430","article-title":"Abuse liability of the anesthetic propofol: self-administration of propofol in rats under fixed-ratio schedules of drug delivery.","volume":"153","author":"LeSage","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berlin)"},{"issue":"1","key":"R26-3-20210126","first-page":"165","article-title":"Nanomolar propofol stimulates glutamate transmission to dopamine neurons: a possible mechanism of abuse potential J Pharmacol Exp T","volume":"325","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"her"},{"issue":"29","key":"R27-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612043382846","article-title":"Propofol: therapeutic indications and side-effects.","volume":"10","author":"Marik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"3","key":"R28-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(02)00527-9","article-title":"The management of acute severe asthma.","volume":"23","author":"Marik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R29-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.10.030","article-title":"Second-hand exposure to aerosolized intravenous anesthetics propofol and fentanyl may cause sensitization and subsequent opiate addiction among anesthesiologists and surgeons.","volume":"66","author":"McAuliffe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"2","key":"R30-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.2.177","article-title":"Alcohol use and abuse in random samples of physicians and medical students.","volume":"81","author":"McAuliffe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"R31-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200006000-00014","article-title":"Refractory delirium tremens treated with propofol: a case series.","volume":"28","author":"McCowan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R32-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/10550880802122661","article-title":"Fentanyl and propofol exposure in the operating room: sensitization hypotheses and further data.","volume":"27","author":"Merlo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R33-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.06.031","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of drug addiction.","volume":"47","author":"Nestler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"R34-3-20210126","first-page":"1445","article-title":"Is there a common molecular pathway for addiction Nat N","volume":"8","author":"Nestler","year":"2005","journal-title":"eurosci"},{"issue":"1507","key":"R35-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0067","article-title":"Review. Transcriptional mechanisms of addiction: role of DeltaFosB.","volume":"363","author":"Nestler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"20","key":"R36-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11042","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.191352698","article-title":"DeltaFosB: a sustained molecular switch for addiction.","volume":"98","author":"Nestler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"R37-3-20210126","first-page":"89","article-title":"Do trauma history and PTSD symptoms influence addiction relapse context Drug Alcohol D","volume":"90","author":"Norman","year":"2007","journal-title":"epend"},{"issue":"4","key":"R38-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200210000-00022","article-title":"In vivo dopamine measurements in the nucleus accumbens after nonanesthetic and anesthetic doses of propofol in rats.","volume":"95","author":"Pain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"R39-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200304000-00007","article-title":"Anaesthesia for day case surgery: a survey of adult clinical practice in the UK.","volume":"20","author":"Payne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R40-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael168","article-title":"Death related to a recreational abuse of propofol at therapeutic dose range.","volume":"97","author":"Roussin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"R41-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(99)50059-4","article-title":"Propofol anesthesia.","volume":"29","author":"Short","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"R42-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.10.954","article-title":"Trends in hospitalization associated with traumatic brain injury.","volume":"282","author":"Thurman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"R43-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1021\/jm970681h","article-title":"Propofol analogues. Synthesis, relationships between structure and affinity at GABAA receptor in rat brain, and differential electrophysiological profile at recombinant human GABAA receptors.","volume":"41","author":"Trapani","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"R44-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867003375335","article-title":"Propofol in anesthesia. Mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, and drug delivery.","volume":"7","author":"Trapani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"R45-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200406000-00014","article-title":"Recovery from sleep deprivation occurs during propofol anesthesia.","volume":"100","author":"Tung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"R46-3-20210126","first-page":"61","article-title":"Propofol: dancing with a White Rabbit.","volume":"57","author":"Ward","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull Calif Soc Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R47-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00044-7","article-title":"Comparison of the intravenous reinforcing effects of propofol and methohexital in baboons.","volume":"57","author":"Weerts","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"1","key":"R48-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.14419\/ijans.v1i1.27","article-title":"Two new case reports of propofol abuse and a pattern analysis of the literature.","volume":"1","author":"Welliver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Adv Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"R50-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318222af17","article-title":"Upregulation of DeltaFosB by propofol in rat nucleus accumbens.","volume":"113","author":"Xiong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R51-3-20210126","first-page":"73","article-title":"Fatal factors related to abuse of propofol (Diprivan).","volume":"41","author":"Yoo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pathol J RCPA"},{"issue":"1","key":"R52-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(93)90021-H","article-title":"Assessing the behavioral effects and abuse potential of propofol bolus injections in healthy volunteers.","volume":"32","author":"Zacny","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"}],"container-title":["Journal of Addiction Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3182872901","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T21:39:41Z","timestamp":1715117981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01271255-201305000-00003"}},"subtitle":["A Study of 22 Treatment Cases"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/adm.0b013e3182872901","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-0620"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-0620","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}}}