{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:21:31Z","timestamp":1793125291460,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Intravenous drugs active via gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors to produce memory impairment during conscious sedation. Memory function was assessed using event-related potentials (ERPs) while drug was present.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The continuous recognition task measured recognition of photographs from working (6 s) and long-term (27 s) memory while ERPs were recorded from Cz (familiarity recognition) and Pz electrodes (recollection recognition). Volunteer participants received sequential doses of one of placebo (n = 11), 0.45 and 0.9 microg\/ml propofol (n = 10), 20 and 40 ng\/ml midazolam (n = 12), 1.5 and 3 microg\/ml thiopental (n = 11), or 0.25 and 0.4 ng\/ml dexmedetomidine (n = 11). End-of-day yes\/no recognition 225 min after the end of drug infusion tested memory retention of pictures encoded on the continuous recognition tasks.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Active drugs increased reaction times and impaired memory on the continuous recognition task equally, except for a greater effect of midazolam (P &lt; 0.04). Forgetting from continuous recognition tasks to end of day was similar for all drugs (P = 0.40), greater than placebo (P &lt; 0.001). Propofol and midazolam decreased the area between first presentation (new) and recognized (old, 27 s later) ERP waveforms from long-term memory for familiarity (P = 0.03) and possibly for recollection processes (P = 0.12). Propofol shifted ERP amplitudes to smaller voltages (P &lt; 0.002). Dexmedetomidine may have impaired familiarity more than recollection processes (P = 0.10). Thiopental had no effect on ERPs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Propofol and midazolam impaired recognition ERPs from long-term memory but not working memory. ERP measures of memory revealed different pathways to end-of-day memory loss as early as 27 s after encoding.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0b013e3181942ef0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,22]],"date-time":"2009-01-22T03:15:48Z","timestamp":1232594148000},"page":"295-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Propofol and Midazolam Inhibit Conscious Memory Processes Very Soon after Encoding: An Event-related Potential Study of Familiarity and Recollection in Volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Robert\u00a0A.","family":"Veselis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kane\u00a0O.","family":"Pryor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth\u00a0A.","family":"Reinsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Attending Psychologist, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuelin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Attending Behavioral Scientist, Department of Psychiatry and Behavorial Sciences."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghana","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programmer Analyst, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-19-20251013"},{"key":"R2-19-20251013"},{"key":"R3-19-20251013"},{"key":"R4-19-20251013"},{"key":"R5-19-20251013"},{"key":"R6-19-20251013"},{"key":"R7-19-20251013"},{"key":"R8-19-20251013"},{"key":"R9-19-20251013"},{"key":"R10-19-20251013"},{"key":"R11-19-20251013"},{"key":"R12-19-20251013"},{"key":"R13-19-20251013"},{"key":"R15-19-20251013"},{"key":"R16-19-20251013"},{"key":"R17-19-20251013"},{"key":"R18-19-20251013"},{"key":"R19-19-20251013"},{"key":"R20-19-20251013"},{"key":"R21-19-20251013"},{"key":"R22-19-20251013"},{"key":"R23-19-20251013"},{"key":"R24-19-20251013"},{"key":"R25-19-20251013"},{"key":"R26-19-20251013"},{"key":"R28-19-20251013"},{"key":"R29-19-20251013"},{"key":"R31-19-20251013"},{"key":"R32-19-20251013"},{"key":"R33-19-20251013"},{"key":"R34-19-20251013"},{"key":"R35-19-20251013"},{"key":"R36-19-20251013"},{"key":"R37-19-20251013"},{"key":"R38-19-20251013"},{"key":"R39-19-20251013"},{"key":"R40-19-20251013"},{"key":"R41-19-20251013"},{"key":"R42-19-20251013"},{"key":"R43-19-20251013"},{"key":"R44-19-20251013"},{"key":"R45-19-20251013"},{"key":"R46-19-20251013"},{"key":"R47-19-20251013"}],"container-title":["Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.asahq.org\/anesthesiology\/article-pdf\/110\/2\/295\/656563\/0000542-200902000-00019.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00000542-200902000-00018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T16:17:59Z","timestamp":1760372279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00000542-200902000-00018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aln.0b013e3181942ef0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3022","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]]}}}