{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:44:51Z","timestamp":1788371091459,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A minority of patients who experience awareness and\/or pain during surgery subsequently develop post-traumatic stress disorder. In a rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder, stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL), rats are preexposed to a stressor of 15 foot shocks. Subsequent exposure to a single foot shock produces an enhanced fear response. This effect is akin to sensitized reactions shown by some post-traumatic stress disorder patients to cues previously associated with the traumatic event.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The authors studied the effect of isoflurane and nitrous oxide on SEFL. Rats were exposed to the inhaled anesthetic during or after a 15-foot shock stressor. Then, rats were given a single foot shock in a different environment. Their fear response was quantified in response to the 15-foot shock and single-foot shock environments. SEFL longevity was tested by placing a 90-day period between the 15 foot shocks and the single foot shock. In addition, the intensity of the foot shock was increased to evaluate treatment effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Increasing isoflurane concentrations decreased SEFL when given during, but not after, the stressor. At 0.40 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), isoflurane given during the stressor blocked SEFL 90 days later. A threefold increase in the stressor intensity increased the isoflurane concentration required to block SEFL to no more than 0.67 MAC. As with isoflurane, nitrous oxide suppressed SEFL at a similar MAC fraction.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results suggest that sufficient concentrations (perhaps 0.67 MAC or less) of an inhaled anesthetic may prevent SEFL.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0b013e3181974f3e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,20]],"date-time":"2009-02-20T04:28:47Z","timestamp":1235104127000},"page":"487-495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Isoflurane Suppresses Stress-enhanced Fear Learning in a Rodent Model of Post\u2013Traumatic Stress Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Vinuta","family":"Rau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Researcher."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Staff Research Associate."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Laster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Researcher."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmond\u00a0I.","family":"Eger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael\u00a0S.","family":"Fanselow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-12-20251014"},{"key":"R3-12-20251014"},{"key":"R4-12-20251014"},{"key":"R7-12-20251014"},{"key":"R8-12-20251014"},{"key":"R9-12-20251014"},{"key":"R10-12-20251014"},{"key":"R11-12-20251014"},{"key":"R12-12-20251014"},{"key":"R13-12-20251014"},{"key":"R14-12-20251014"},{"key":"R15-12-20251014"},{"key":"R16-12-20251014"},{"key":"R17-12-20251014"}],"container-title":["Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asahq.org\/anesthesiology\/article-pdf\/110\/3\/487\/368124\/0000542-200903000-00012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00000542-200903000-00011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T15:45:15Z","timestamp":1760456715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00000542-200903000-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aln.0b013e3181974f3e","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3022","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]}}}