{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T12:23:08Z","timestamp":1772194988276,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n There have been reports of memory formation during general anesthesia. The process-dissociation procedure has been used to determine if these are controlled (explicit\/conscious) or automatic (implicit\/unconscious) memories. This study used the process-dissociation procedure with the original measurement model and one which corrected for guessing to determine if more accurate results were obtained in this setting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 160 patients scheduled for elective surgery were enrolled. Memory for words presented during propofol and remifentanil general anesthesia was tested postoperatively by using a word-stem completion task in a process-dissociation procedure. To assign possible memory effects to different levels of anesthetic depth, the authors measured depth of anesthesia using the BIS XP monitor (Aspect Medical Systems, Norwood, MA).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Word-stem completion performance showed no evidence of memory for intraoperatively presented words. Nevertheless, an evaluation of these data using the original measurement model for process-dissociation data suggested an evidence of controlled (C = 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02-0.08) and automatic (A = 0.11; 95% CI 0.09-0.12) memory processes (P < 0.01). However, when the data were evaluated with an extended measurement model taking base rates into account adequately, no evidence for controlled (C = 0.00; 95% CI -0.04 to 0.04) or automatic (A = 0.00; 95% CI -0.02 to 0.02) memory processes was obtained. The authors report and discuss parallel findings for published data sets that were generated by using the process-dissociation procedure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Patients had no memories for auditory information presented during propofol\/remifentanil anesthesia after midazolam premedication. The use of the process-dissociation procedure with the original measurement model erroneously detected memories, whereas the extended model, corrected for guessing, correctly revealed no memory.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0b013e3181ac4a4b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,16]],"date-time":"2009-07-16T03:24:09Z","timestamp":1247714649000},"page":"293-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Analysis of Memory Formation during General Anesthesia (Propofol\/Remifentanil) for Elective Surgery Using the Process-dissociation Procedure"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Daniel\u00a0A.","family":"Hadzidiakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadja","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Candidate, Medical Student."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Degener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Candidate, Medical Student."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Buchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benno","family":"Rehberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte, Charit\u00e9 - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-14-20251013"},{"key":"R2-14-20251013"},{"key":"R3-14-20251013"},{"key":"R4-14-20251013"},{"key":"R5-14-20251013"},{"key":"R6-14-20251013"},{"key":"R7-14-20251013"},{"key":"R8-14-20251013"},{"key":"R9-14-20251013"},{"key":"R10-14-20251013"},{"key":"R11-14-20251013"},{"key":"R12-14-20251013"},{"key":"R13-14-20251013"},{"key":"R14-14-20251013"},{"key":"R15-14-20251013"},{"key":"R16-14-20251013"},{"key":"R17-14-20251013"},{"key":"R18-14-20251013"},{"key":"R19-14-20251013"},{"key":"R20-14-20251013"},{"key":"R21-14-20251013"},{"key":"R22-14-20251013"},{"key":"R23-14-20251013"},{"key":"R24-14-20251013"},{"key":"R26-14-20251013"},{"key":"R27-14-20251013"},{"key":"R28-14-20251013"}],"container-title":["Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asahq.org\/anesthesiology\/article-pdf\/111\/2\/293\/246334\/0000542-200908000-00014.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00000542-200908000-00013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T16:16:03Z","timestamp":1760372163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00000542-200908000-00013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aln.0b013e3181ac4a4b","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3022","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]}}}