{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:52:17Z","timestamp":1789192337179,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n We tested the hypothesis that in newborn rats, sevoflurane may cause seizures, neurotoxicity, and impairment in synaptic plasticity-effects that may be diminished by the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1 inhibitor, bumetanide.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Electroencephalography, activated caspase-3, and hippocampal long-term potentiation were measured in rats exposed to 2.1% sevoflurane for 0.5-6 h at postnatal days 4-17 (P4-P17).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Arterial blood gas samples drawn at a sevoflurane concentration of 2.1% showed no evidence of either hypoxia or hypoventilation in spontaneously breathing rats. Higher doses of sevoflurane (e.g., 2.9%) caused respiratory depression. During anesthesia maintenance, the electroencephalography exhibited distinctive episodes of epileptic seizures in 40% of P4-P8 rats. Such seizure-like activity was not detected during anesthesia maintenance in P10-P17 rats. Emergence from 3 h of anesthesia with sevoflurane resulted in tonic\/clonic seizures in some P10-P17 rats but not in P4-P8 rats. Bumetanide (5 micromol\/kg, intraperitoneally) significantly decreased seizures in P4-P9 rats but did not affect the emergence seizures in P10-P17 rats. Anesthesia of P4 rats with sevoflurane for 6 h caused a significant increase in activated caspase-3 and impairment of long-term potentiation induction measured at 1 and 14-17 days after exposure to sevoflurane, respectively. Pretreatment of P4 rats with bumetanide nearly abolished the increase in activated caspase-3 but did not alleviate impairment of long-term potentiation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n These results support the possibility that excitatory output of sevoflurane-potentiated gamma-aminobutyric acid type A\/glycine systems may contribute to epileptogenic and neurotoxic effects in early postnatal rats.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0b013e3181cf9138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,17]],"date-time":"2010-02-17T02:31:01Z","timestamp":1266373861000},"page":"567-575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Bumetanide Alleviates Epileptogenic and Neurotoxic Effects of Sevoflurane in Neonatal Rat Brain"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"David\u00a0A.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hina\u00a0P.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wengang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Associate."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Gravenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph\u00a0N.","family":"Seubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anatoly\u00a0E.","family":"Martynyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-15-20251013"},{"key":"R2-15-20251013"},{"key":"R3-15-20251013"},{"key":"R4-15-20251013"},{"key":"R5-15-20251013"},{"key":"R6-15-20251013"},{"key":"R7-15-20251013"},{"key":"R8-15-20251013"},{"key":"R9-15-20251013"},{"key":"R10-15-20251013"},{"key":"R11-15-20251013"},{"key":"R12-15-20251013"},{"key":"R13-15-20251013"},{"key":"R14-15-20251013"},{"key":"R15-15-20251013"},{"key":"R16-15-20251013"},{"key":"R17-15-20251013"},{"key":"R18-15-20251013"},{"key":"R19-15-20251013"},{"key":"R20-15-20251013"},{"key":"R21-15-20251013"},{"key":"R22-15-20251013"},{"key":"R23-15-20251013"},{"key":"R24-15-20251013"},{"key":"R25-15-20251013"},{"key":"R26-15-20251013"},{"key":"R27-15-20251013"},{"key":"R28-15-20251013"},{"key":"R29-15-20251013"},{"key":"R30-15-20251013"},{"key":"R31-15-20251013"},{"key":"R32-15-20251013"},{"key":"R33-15-20251013"},{"key":"R34-15-20251013"},{"key":"R35-15-20251013"},{"key":"R36-15-20251013"},{"key":"R37-15-20251013"},{"key":"R38-15-20251013"},{"key":"R39-15-20251013"},{"key":"R40-15-20251013"}],"container-title":["Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asahq.org\/anesthesiology\/article-pdf\/112\/3\/567\/249607\/0000542-201003000-00015.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00000542-201003000-00013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T16:18:50Z","timestamp":1760372330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00000542-201003000-00013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aln.0b013e3181cf9138","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.4125956.3906054","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0003-3022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3022","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]]}}}