{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:46:52Z","timestamp":1772628412837,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Observational studies on transfusion in trauma comparing high versus low plasma:erythrocyte ratio were prone to survivor bias because plasma administration typically started later than erythrocytes. Therefore, early deaths were categorized in the low plasma:erythrocyte group, whereas early survivors had a higher chance of receiving a higher ratio. When early deaths were excluded, however, a bias against higher ratio can be created. Survivor bias could be reduced by performing before-and-after studies or treating the plasma:erythrocyte ratio as a time-dependent covariate.We reviewed 26 studies on blood ratios in trauma. Fifteen of the studies were survivor bias-unlikely or biased against higher ratio; among them, 10 showed an association between higher ratio and improved survival, and five did not. Eleven studies that were judged survivor bias-prone favoring higher ratio suggested that a higher ratio was superior.Without randomized controlled trials controlling for survivor bias, the current available evidence supporting higher plasma:erythrocyte resuscitation is inconclusive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0b013e318245c47b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,21]],"date-time":"2012-01-21T07:20:27Z","timestamp":1327130427000},"page":"716-728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Prevalence of Survivor Bias in Observational Studies on Fresh Frozen Plasma"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Anthony\u00a0M.-H.","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter\u00a0W.","family":"Dion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant, Department of Anaesthesia, St. Catharines General Hospital, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice H.\u00a0H.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Nurse Coordinator, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John\u00a0B.","family":"Holcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Surgery, Director, Center for Translational Injury Research, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lester A.\u00a0H.","family":"Critchley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calvin S.\u00a0H.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Consultant, Department of Surgery."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoj\u00a0K.","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi\u00a0W.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy\u00a0H.","family":"Rainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director, Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David\u00a0S.","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","container-title":["Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asahq.org\/anesthesiology\/article-pdf\/116\/3\/716\/256688\/00000542-201203000-00036.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00000542-201203000-00032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T20:03:53Z","timestamp":1760385833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00000542-201203000-00032"}},"subtitle":["Erythrocyte Ratios in Trauma Requiring Massive Transfusion"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aln.0b013e318245c47b","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.13994956.15451056","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0003-3022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3022","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}}}