{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T05:03:41Z","timestamp":1777439021148,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The incidence of Alzheimer disease may increase after surgical interventions. Amyloid \u03b2-protein (A\u03b2) fibrillogenesis, which is closely related to Alzheimer disease, is reportedly accelerated by exposure to anesthetics. However, the effects of GM1 ganglioside (GM1) on \u0391\u03b2 fibrillogenesis have not yet been reported. The current study was designed to examine whether the anesthetics propofol and thiopental are associated with \u0391\u03b2 assembly and GM1 expression on the neuronal cell surface.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>PC12N cells and cultured neuronal cells were treated with propofol or thiopental, and GM1 expression in treated and untreated cells was determined by the specific binding of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated cholera toxin subunit B (n = 5). The effects of an inhibitor of the \u03b3-aminobutyric acid A receptor was also examined (n= 5). In addition, the effects of the anesthetics on GM1 liposome-induced \u0391\u03b2 assembly were investigated (n = 5). Finally, the neurotoxicity of the assembled \u0391\u03b2 fibrils was studied by the lactate dehydrogenase release assay (n = 6).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Propofol (31.2\u00b14.7%) and thiopental (34.6\u00b110.5%) decreased GM1 expression on the cell surface through the \u03b3-aminobutyric acid A receptor. The anesthetics inhibited \u0391\u03b2 fibril formation from soluble \u0391\u03b2 in cultured neurons. Moreover, propofol and thiopental suppressed GM1-induced fibril formation in a cell-free system (propofol, 75.8\u00b11.9%; thiopental, 83.6\u00b11.9%) and reduced the neurotoxicity of a mixture containing A\u03b2 and GM1 liposomes (propofol, 35.3\u00b116.4%; thiopental, 21.3\u00b111.6%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Propofol and thiopental have direct and indirect inhibitory effects on \u0391\u03b2 fibrillogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0b013e31828afc16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,16]],"date-time":"2013-02-16T11:38:49Z","timestamp":1361014729000},"page":"1408-1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Propofol and Thiopental Suppress Amyloid Fibril Formation and GM1 Ganglioside Expression through the \u03b3-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Arima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Hirate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Taniura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Laboratory of Neurochemistry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Laboratory of Molecular Medicinal Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Sobue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Medical Crisis Management, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City, Aichi, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20241219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1994.tb04952.x","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease and cumulative exposure to anesthesia: A case-control study.","volume":"42","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"R2-20241219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459408986029","article-title":"Early and midlife exposure to anesthesia and age of onset of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"77","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"R3-20241219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-11-83","article-title":"Exposure to general anesthesia and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"R4-20241219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720200017","article-title":"A case-control study on Alzheimer\u2019s disease and exposure to anesthesia.","volume":"23","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"R5-20241219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.Supplement_2.S36","article-title":"Medical history and the risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A collaborative re-analysis of case-control studies. 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