{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:31:23Z","timestamp":1791318683970,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The authors investigated the impact of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) on intrarenal oxygenation and its functional short-term consequences in pigs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Renal microvascular oxygenation (\u00b5P<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n                                 <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) was measured in cortex, outer and inner medulla <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">via<\/jats:italic> three implanted optical fibers by oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence. Besides systemic hemodynamics, renal function, histopathology, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 expression were determined. ANH was performed in n = 18 pigs with either colloids (hydroxyethyl starch 6% 130\/0.4) or crystalloids (full electrolyte solution), in three steps from a hematocrit of 30% at baseline to a hematocrit of 15% (H3).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>ANH with crystalloids decreased \u00b5P<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n                                 <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in cortex and outer medulla approximately by 65% (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and in inner medulla by 30% (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) from baseline to H3. In contrast, \u00b5P<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n                                 <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> remained unaltered during ANH with colloids. Furthermore, renal function decreased by approximately 45% from baseline to H3 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) only in the crystalloid group. Three times more volume of crystalloids was administered compared with the colloid group. Alterations in systemic and renal regional hemodynamics, oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption during ANH, gave no obvious explanation for the deterioration of \u00b5P<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n                                 <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in the crystalloid group. However, ANH with crystalloids was associated with the highest formation of renal tissue edema and the highest expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1, which was mainly localized in distal convoluted tubules.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>ANH to a hematocrit of 15% statistically significantly impaired \u00b5P<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n                                 <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and renal function in the crystalloid group. Less tissue edema formation and an unimpaired renal \u00b5P<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n                                 <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in the colloid group might account for a preserved renal function.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0b013e31829bd9bc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,5]],"date-time":"2013-06-05T11:14:15Z","timestamp":1370430855000},"page":"256-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution in the Pig Is Associated with Renal Tissue Edema, Impaired Renal Microvascular Oxygenation, and Functional Loss"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Franziska M.","family":"Konrad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany, and Research Associate, Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egbert G.","family":"Mik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Staff Anesthesiologist"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sander I. A.","family":"Bodmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. Bahar","family":"Ates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri\u00ebtte F. E. M.","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Klingel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde R. H.","family":"de Geus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Staff Intensivist, Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Jan","family":"Stolker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Johannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Staff Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20241223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199404000-00015","article-title":"Comparison of the hemodynamic and oxygen transport responses to modified fluid gelatin and hetastarch in critically ill patients: A prospective, randomized 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