{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:18:55Z","timestamp":1778653135859,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n An existing model for fourth-degree laceration repair uses beef tongue with plastic or vinyl tubing. This modified model substitutes beef tripe for the anal mucosa and chicken leg muscles for the anal sphincter muscle analogs to create a realistic model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHOD:<\/jats:title>\n Tripe is tunneled through the body of the trimmed beef tongue and sutured like an ostomy to simulate the anal canal. The tongue is incised toward the tripe \u201canal canal.\u201d Chicken leg muscles are tunneled from the incision out to the cut edges of the beef tongue to create anal sphincter muscle analogs. Procedures can be repeated on the opposite side. Two double-sided models can be made per tongue.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n EXPERIENCE:<\/jats:title>\n The model can be refrigerated or frozen and thawed before use. A fourth-degree laceration can be cut immediately before use. Materials were obtained at a local supermarket for $5\u20137 per half-tongue, double-sided model. Residents responded positively to the model and stated that animal tissue provided realistic haptic simulation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n The modified beef tongue model utilizing tripe and chicken leg muscles as anal mucosa and anal sphincter muscle analogs, respectively, provided excellent perceived haptic fidelity. Moreover, it is an innovative, inexpensive, and well-received teaching tool to augment resident education.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0000000000001908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T11:47:16Z","timestamp":1487850436000},"page":"491-496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Modified Beef Tongue Model for Fourth-Degree Laceration Repair Simulation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Jana D.","family":"Illston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia C.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Ellington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly E.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2795-5","article-title":"Risk factors for severe obstetric perineal lacerations","volume":"27","author":"Vale de Castro Monteiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"R2-20230711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318142cdf4","article-title":"Obstetric anal sphincter injury: incidence, risk factors, and management","volume":"247","author":"Dudding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R3-20230711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c8b4f7","article-title":"Resident competency in obstetric anal sphincter laceration repair","volume":"115","author":"Uppal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R4-20230711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-1042-3","article-title":"Use of a beef tongue model and instructional video for teaching residents fourth-degree laceration repair","volume":"21","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"R5-20230711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000251499.18394.9f","article-title":"Effects of an educational workshop on performance of fourth-degree perineal laceration repair","volume":"109","author":"Siddighi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R6-20230711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-14-00233.1","article-title":"Objective structured assessment of technical skills to teach and study retention of fourth-degree laceration repair skills","volume":"7","author":"Martinez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"key":"R8-20230711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000043","article-title":"Comparison of 2 simulation models for teaching obstetric anal sphincter repair","volume":"9","author":"Dancz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Simul Healthc"},{"key":"R9-20230711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001523","article-title":"Prevention and management of obstetric lacerations at vaginal delivery. Practice Bulletin No. 165. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","volume":"128","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006250-201703000-00013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T18:08:16Z","timestamp":1689098896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006250-201703000-00013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aog.0000000000001908","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-7844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-7844","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}}}