{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:55:34Z","timestamp":1789696534654,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0b013e3181bb14c8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,17]],"date-time":"2009-10-17T07:16:58Z","timestamp":1255763818000},"page":"1121-1134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Optimal Nutrition for Improved Twin Pregnancy Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Goodnight","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000000933","article-title":"Reducing fetal deaths in multiple births: optimal birthweights and gestational ages for infants of twin and triplet births.","volume":"45","author":"Luke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)"},{"key":"R2-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3109\/14767059409017368","article-title":"The contribution of gestational age and birthweight to perinatal viability in singleton versus twins.","volume":"3","author":"Luke","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Med"},{"key":"R3-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199803000-00006","article-title":"What interventions are useful in reducing the rate of preterm delivery in twins?","volume":"41","author":"Papiernik","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R4-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250500462091","article-title":"Bone, lean and fat mass of newborn twins versus singletons.","volume":"95","author":"Demarini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"R5-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:107:3:247","article-title":"Serum mineral levels at pregnancy and postpartum in single and twin pregnant sheep.","volume":"107","author":"Yildiz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"R6-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2006.11.002","article-title":"Twin chorionicity and the risk of adverse perinatal outcome.","volume":"96","author":"Acosta-Rojas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"R7-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00144.x","article-title":"Twin pregnancies: eating for three? Maternal nutrition update.","volume":"63","author":"Rosello-Soberon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"R8-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(01)00395-5","article-title":"Hemoglobin concentration in multiple versus singleton pregnancies\u2014retrospective evidence for physiology not pathology.","volume":"99","author":"Krafft","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R9-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1159\/000086132","article-title":"Maternal basal metabolic rate in twin pregnancy.","volume":"60","author":"Shinagawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"R10-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)80025-1","article-title":"Metabolic response to meal eating and extended overnight fast in twin gestation.","volume":"175","author":"Casele","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R12-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200403000-00018","article-title":"Improving multiple pregnancy outcomes with nutritional interventions.","volume":"47","author":"Luke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R13-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.7.1820","article-title":"Dietary composition of pregnant women is related to size of the baby at birth.","volume":"134","author":"Moore","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"R14-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2005.08.004","article-title":"Nutrition and multiple gestation.","volume":"29","author":"Luke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"R15-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)02219-7","article-title":"Weight gain patterns during twin gestation.","volume":"89","author":"Pederson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"R16-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70014-0","article-title":"Critical periods of maternal weight gain: effect on twin birth weight.","volume":"177","author":"Luke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R17-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00485-8","article-title":"Maternal weight gain patterns and birth weight outcome in twin gestation.","volume":"87","author":"Lantz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R18-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90628-V","article-title":"The ideal twin pregnancy: patterns of weight gain, discordancy and length of gestation.","volume":"169","author":"Luke","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R19-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2005.088","article-title":"The evidence linking maternal nutrition and prematurity.","volume":"33","author":"Luke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"R20-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199803000-00011","article-title":"What is the influence of maternal weight gain on the fetal growth of twins.","volume":"41","author":"Luke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R21-24-20210126","first-page":"217","article-title":"Body mass index\u2013specific weight gains associated with optimal birth weights in twin pregnancies.","volume":"48","author":"Luke","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"R22-24-20210126","article-title":"Weight gain during pregnancy: reexamining the guidelines.","year":"2009"},{"key":"R23-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-005-0034-2","article-title":"Factors influencing inadequate and excessive weight gain in pregnancy: Colorado, 2000\u20132002.","volume":"10","author":"Wells","year":"2006","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"R24-24-20210126","article-title":"Outcomes of maternal weight gain, evidence reports\/technology assessment no. 168. AHRQ Publication Number 08-E-09.","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2008"},{"key":"R25-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.149","article-title":"Does excessive pregnancy weight gain constitute a major risk for increasing long-term BMI.","volume":"15","author":"Amorim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"R26-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601745","article-title":"Effects of a combined micronutrient supplementation on maternal biological status and newborn anthropometrics measurements: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in apparently healthy pregnant women.","volume":"58","author":"Hininger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R27-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.05.032","article-title":"Calcium supplementation during pregnancy and lactation: effects on the mother and the fetus.","volume":"194","author":"Thomas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R28-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.4.693","article-title":"A longitudinal study of calcium homeostasis during human pregnancy and lactation and after resumption of menses.","volume":"67","author":"Ritchie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R30-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01389.x","article-title":"Dietary calcium supplementation for prevention of pre-eclampsia and related problems: a systematic review and commentary.","volume":"114","author":"Hofmeyr","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R31-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7103.281","article-title":"Long-term effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy in the blood pressure of offspring: follow up of a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"315","author":"Belizan","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R32-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.2.447","article-title":"High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in black and white pregnant women residing in the Northern United Stated and their neonates.","volume":"137","author":"Bodnar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"R33-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1740S","article-title":"Vitamin D requirements during pregnancy.","volume":"80","author":"Specker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R34-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.5.717","article-title":"Assessment of dietary vitamin D requirements during pregnancy and lactation.","volume":"79","author":"Hollis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R35-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1862","article-title":"Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents [published erratum in Pediatrics 2009;123:197].","volume":"122","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R36-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0718","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of preeclampsia.","volume":"92","author":"Bodnar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R37-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)80010-5","article-title":"Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial.","volume":"354","author":"Chappell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R38-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125735","article-title":"Vitamin C and E supplementation in women at risk of preeclampsia is associated with changes in indices of oxidative stress and placental function.","volume":"187","author":"Chappell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R39-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68433-X","article-title":"Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomised placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"367","author":"Poston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R40-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.4.859","article-title":"Vitamin C supplementation to prevent premature rupture of the chorioamnionic membranes: a randomized trial.","volume":"81","author":"Casanueva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R42-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S193","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2000314","article-title":"Micronutrients in pregnancy.","volume":"85","author":"Black","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"R44-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.5.1367S","article-title":"Zinc intake of the U.S. population: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988\u20131994.","volume":"130","author":"Briefel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"R46-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2006.10.007","article-title":"Iron in fetal and neonatal nutrition.","volume":"12","author":"Rao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"R47-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.985","article-title":"Anemia vs iron deficiency: increased risk of preterm delivery in a prospective study.","volume":"55","author":"Scholl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R48-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.4.773","article-title":"Iron supplement during pregnancy, anemia, and birth weight: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"78","author":"Cogswell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R49-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1589S","article-title":"Nutrition as a preventative strategy against adverse pregnancy outcomes. Introduction.","volume":"133","author":"Jackson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"R50-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2005.00633.x","article-title":"Folic acid supplements in pregnancy and birth outcome: re-analysis of a large randomized controlled trial and update of Cochrane review.","volume":"19","author":"Charles","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"R51-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000061","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000061","article-title":"Preconceptional folate supplementation and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth: a cohort study.","volume":"6","author":"Bukowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R52-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211519","article-title":"Time for an oil check: the role of essential omega-3 fatty acids in maternal and pediatric health.","volume":"26","author":"Genuis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"R53-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(96)01745-8","article-title":"Essential fatty acid status measured in umbilical vessel walls of infants born after a multiple pregnancy.","volume":"46","author":"Foreman-van Drongelen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"R54-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F134","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.2.F134","article-title":"Maternal and umbilical cord erythrocyte omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and haemorheology in singleton and twin pregnancies.","volume":"88","author":"McFadyen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"R55-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90055-3","article-title":"Intake of marine fat, rich in (n-3)-polyunsaturated fatty acids, may increase birthweight by prolonging gestation.","volume":"22","author":"Olsen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R56-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13235.x","article-title":"Randomised clinical trials of fish oil supplementation in high risk pregnancies. Fish Oil Trials In Pregnancy (FOTIP) Team.","volume":"107","author":"Olsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R57-24-20210126","first-page":"469","article-title":"A randomized trial of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during the third trimester of pregnancy.","volume":"101","author":"Smuts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R58-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.8.701","article-title":"Effects of prenatal and postnatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption on neurodevelopment: outcomes at 66 months of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study.","volume":"280","author":"Davidson","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R59-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60277-3","article-title":"Maternal seafood consumption in pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood (ALSPAC study): an observational cohort study.","volume":"369","author":"Hibbeln","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R60-24-20210126","first-page":"461","article-title":"Comparing nutrient intake from food to the estimated average requirements shows middle- to upper-income pregnant women lack iron and possibly magnesium.","volume":"103","author":"Turner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"R61-24-20210126","first-page":"616","article-title":"Medically advised, mother\u2019s personal target, and actual weight gain during pregnancy.","volume":"94","author":"Cogswell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R62-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/53.6.1397","article-title":"Twin pregnancy: the impact of the Higgins Nutrition Intervention Program on maternal and neonatal outcomes.","volume":"53","author":"Dubois","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R63-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)01054-8","article-title":"Specialized prenatal care and maternal and infant outcomes in twin pregnancy.","volume":"189","author":"Luke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R64-24-20210126","first-page":"387","article-title":"Reduction in very low birth weight deliveries and perinatal mortality in a specialized, multidisciplinary twin clinic.","volume":"81","author":"Ellings","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R65-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1017\/BJN20061952","article-title":"Impact of dietary counseling on nutrient intake during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study.","volume":"96","author":"Piirainen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"R66-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318195baef","article-title":"Preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy through dietary and lifestyle counseling: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"113","author":"Asbee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R67-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb03017.x","article-title":"The effect of prenatal consultation with a neonatologist on human milk feeding in preterm infants.","volume":"93","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"R68-24-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F377","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.082305","article-title":"Breast feeding twins and high multiples.","volume":"91","author":"Flidel-Rimon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"}],"container-title":["Obstetrics & Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006250-200911000-00024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T20:24:03Z","timestamp":1739391843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006250-200911000-00024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aog.0b013e3181bb14c8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-7844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-7844","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}}}