{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T02:42:57Z","timestamp":1784947377771,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Formerly preeclamptic women are at increased risk for remote cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases. We studied co-occurrence of cardiovascular and prothrombotic risk factors within a cohort of formerly preeclamptic women and tested if prevalence of these risk profiles related to onset of preeclampsia in previous pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated 1,297 nonpregnant formerly preeclamptic women (6\u201312 months postpartum) for the presence of four risk profiles: circulatory risk profile (hypertension or latent hypertension [low plasma volume, increased vascular resistance, or both]; metabolic syndrome (World Health Organization criteria); thrombophilia (factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutation, or protein C or S deficiency); and hyperhomocysteinemia. Trends between prevalence of these four profiles and onset of preeclampsia were studied using linear regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After exclusion of 63 women (4.9%) because of incomplete data, 1,234 women were included. One or more risk profiles were detected in 958 of 1,234 (77.6%) formerly preeclamptic women. Circulatory risk profile was more prevalent (66.1%) than hyperhomocysteinemia (18.7%), metabolic syndrome (15.4%), or thrombophilia (10.8%). Prevalence of circulatory risk profile, metabolic syndrome, and hyperhomocysteinemia decreased significantly with gestational age at delivery, whereas thrombophilia did not (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.22). There was minimal overlap (less than 2%) between metabolic syndrome, thrombophilic profile, and hyperhomocysteinemia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Circulatory risk profile is present in two thirds of formerly preeclamptic women. Metabolic syndrome, thrombophilia, and hyperhomocysteinemia are prevalent in 10\u201320%. There is considerable overlap between circulatory risk profile and other profiles, but not among the three other profiles. Prevalence of these risk factors, except thrombophilia, decreases with gestational age at delivery in preceding pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>II<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0b013e318273764b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T14:40:27Z","timestamp":1444747227000},"page":"97-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Co-occurrence of Cardiovascular and Prothrombotic Risk Factors in Women With a History of Preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Ralph R.","family":"Scholten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria T.E.","family":"Hopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred C.G.J.","family":"Sweep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen J. Van de","family":"Vlugt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie P. Van","family":"Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim J.","family":"Oyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred K.","family":"Lotgering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc E.A.","family":"Spaanderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17987-2","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia.","volume":"365","author":"Sibai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.385301.BE","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"335","author":"Bellamy","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R3-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7323.1213","article-title":"Long term mortality of mothers and fathers after pre-eclampsia: population based cohort study.","volume":"323","author":"Irgens","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R4-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67726-4","article-title":"Cardiovascular health after maternal placental syndromes (CHAMPS): population-based retrospective cohort study.","volume":"366","author":"Ray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R5-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05112-6","article-title":"Pregnancy complications and maternal risk of ischaemic heart disease: a retrospective cohort study of 129,290 births.","volume":"357","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R6-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7394.845","article-title":". Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and risk of hypertension and stroke in later life: results from cohort study.","volume":"326","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R7-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181bb0dfc","article-title":"Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and subsequently measured cardiovascular risk factors.","volume":"114","author":"Magnussen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R8-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.943407","article-title":"Hypertension in pregnancy and later cardiovascular risk: common antecedents C","volume":"122","author":"Romundstad","year":"2010","journal-title":"irculation"},{"key":"R9-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)30391-7","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and the risk of placental dysfunction.","volume":"27","author":"Ray","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"R10-16-20260317","first-page":"1397","article-title":"Ekhart T, van EJ, de LP, Peeters L.","volume":"60","author":"Spaanderman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Preeclampsia and maladaptation to pregnancy: a role for atrial natriuretic peptide Kidney Int"},{"key":"R11-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c4f1e8","article-title":"Cardiac diastolic dysfunction and metabolic syndrome in young women after placental syndrome.","volume":"115","author":"Zandstra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R12-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000163252.02227.f8","article-title":". Early occurrence of metabolic syndrome after hypertension in pregnancy.","volume":"105","author":"Forest","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R13-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000120122.39231.88","article-title":". Manifestations of metabolic syndrome after hypertensive pregnancy.","volume":"43","author":"Pouta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R14-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181b7b242","article-title":"Early-onset preeclampsia and the prevalence of postpartum metabolic syndrome.","volume":"114","author":"Stekkinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R15-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91324-6","article-title":". Underlying disorders associated with severe early-onset preeclampsia.","volume":"173","author":"Dekker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R16-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400102","article-title":". Increased frequency of genetic thrombophilia in women with complications of pregnancy.","volume":"340","author":"Kupferminc","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R17-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000188979.74172.4d","article-title":". Thrombophilia is significantly associated with severe preeclampsia: results of a large-scale, case-controlled study.","volume":"46","author":"Mello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R18-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70608-3","article-title":". High prevalence of hemostatic abnormalities in women with a history of severe preeclampsia.","volume":"180","author":"van Pampus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R19-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200201000-00028","article-title":"ACOG practice bulletin No. 33.","volume":"99","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R20-16-20260317","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Am J Obstet G","volume":"183","year":"2000","journal-title":"ynecol"},{"key":"R21-16-20260317","first-page":"349","article-title":"Intrauterine growth and intrauterine growth curves in Dutch.","volume":"69","author":"Kloosterman","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Verloskd Gynaecol"},{"key":"R22-16-20260317","first-page":"303","article-title":"A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. 1916.","volume":"5","author":"Du","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"R23-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.1.57","article-title":". Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.","volume":"23","author":"Bonora","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R24-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318213cd31","article-title":"Prepregnancy low-plasma volume and predisposition to preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.","volume":"117","author":"Scholten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R25-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation.","volume":"15","author":"Alberti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"R26-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540460039030","article-title":". Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. The European Concerted Action Project.","volume":"277","author":"Graham","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R27-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.747","article-title":"Displaying clinical data relationships using scaled rectangle diagrams.","volume":"20","author":"Marshall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"R28-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-10-199705150-00002","article-title":". Effect of antihypertensive drug treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in women and men. A meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized, controlled trials. The INDANA Investigators.","volume":"126","author":"Gueyffier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R29-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11911-8","article-title":"Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies.","volume":"360","author":"Lewington","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R30-16-20260317","first-page":"2382","article-title":"The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Netherlands: increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2 in one quarter of persons under 60 in Dutch.","volume":"151","author":"Bos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"R31-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2004.01.038","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease: metabolic syndrome of pregnancy A","volume":"175","author":"Rodie","year":"2004","journal-title":"therosclerosis"},{"key":"R32-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108324889","article-title":"Simple prepregnant prediction rule for recurrent early-onset hypertensive disease in pregnancy.","volume":"16","author":"Sep","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"R33-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.7.1769","article-title":"Risks for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes associated with the metabolic syndrome: a summary of the evidence.","volume":"28","author":"Ford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R34-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.855817","article-title":"Trajectories of entering the metabolic syndrome: the framingham heart study.","volume":"120","author":"Franco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R35-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66378-7","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome.","volume":"365","author":"Eckel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R36-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.10.3120","article-title":"Components of the metabolic syndrome and incidence of type 2 diabetes.","volume":"51","author":"Hanson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R37-16-20260317","first-page":"2","article-title":"Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III).","volume":"285","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R38-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2012.01571.x","article-title":"Effectiveness of interventions for reducing diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in people with metabolic syndrome: systematic review and mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis.","volume":"34","author":"Dunkley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"R40-16-20260317","first-page":"Doc02","article-title":"Effectiveness of programmes as part of primary prevention demonstrated on the example of cardiovascular diseases and the metabolic syndrome.","volume":"7","author":"Korczak","year":"2011","journal-title":"GMS Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"R42-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1954.x","article-title":"The population genetics of factor V Leiden (Arg506Gln).","volume":"95","author":"Rees","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R43-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615010","article-title":"Prothrombin 20210A variant and age at thrombosis.","volume":"79","author":"Rosendaal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"R44-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02813.x","article-title":"A study of Protein S antigen levels in 3788 healthy volunteers: influence of age, sex and hormone use, and estimate for prevalence of deficiency state.","volume":"113","author":"Dykes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R45-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.10.2756.bloodjournal85102756","article-title":". Protein C deficiency in a controlled series of unselected outpatients: an infrequent but clear risk factor for venous thrombosis (Leiden Thrombophilia Study).","volume":"85","author":"Koster","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R46-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04553.x","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin added to aspirin in the prevention of recurrent early-onset preeclampsia in women with inheritable thrombophilia: the FRUIT-RCT.","volume":"10","author":"de Vries","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"R47-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1191\/1358863x02vm428ra","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and atherothrombosis in mild hyperhomocysteinemia.","volume":"7","author":"Weiss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"R48-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.348","article-title":". Effects of lowering homocysteine levels with B vitamins on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cause-specific mortality: meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials involving 37 485 individuals.","volume":"170","author":"Clarke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R49-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj218","article-title":"Periconceptional multivitamin use reduces the risk of preeclampsia.","volume":"164","author":"Bodnar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R50-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.06.067","article-title":". Folic acid supplementation in early second trimester and the risk of preeclampsia.","volume":"198","author":"Wen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R51-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90165-5","article-title":". Homocysteine metabolism in pregnancies complicated by neural-tube defects.","volume":"345","author":"Mills","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R52-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530210052030","article-title":"Folate levels and neural tube defects. Implications for prevention.","volume":"274","author":"Daly","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R53-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7356.157","article-title":"Pregnancy complications and maternal cardiovascular risk: opportunities for intervention and screening","volume":"325","author":"Sattar","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R54-16-20260317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c14e3e","article-title":"Resolution of hypertension and proteinuria after preeclampsia.","volume":"114","author":"Berks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006250-201301000-00016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T01:00:18Z","timestamp":1773709218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006250-201301000-00016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aog.0b013e318273764b","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-7844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-7844","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}