{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T01:56:27Z","timestamp":1793843787384,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/aud.0b013e3180479388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,7]],"date-time":"2007-05-07T04:01:51Z","timestamp":1178510511000},"page":"394-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities and Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Blue Mountains Hearing Study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Gerald","family":"Liew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien Yin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Newall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.069187","article-title":"Sex differences and cardiovascular risk.","volume":"92","author":"Cordero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"R2-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01315-0","article-title":"Reliability of retinal photography in the assessment of retinal microvascular characteristics: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.","volume":"133","author":"Couper","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R3-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.21.1715","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and hearing loss: the epidemiology of hearing loss study.","volume":"279","author":"Cruickshanks","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"R4-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.9.1540","article-title":"Association of NIDDM and hearing loss.","volume":"21","author":"Dalton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R5-12-20210128","first-page":"210","article-title":"DRS Report Number 7: A modification of the Airlie House classification of diabetic retinopathy.","volume":"21","year":"1981","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"R6-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)38011-7","article-title":"Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy (Report No. 9).","volume":"98","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R7-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.064741","article-title":"Fasting hypertriglyceridaemia increases carotid intima-media thickness and impairs coronary microvascular functions in non-obese middle aged women but not in men.","volume":"92","author":"Erdogan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"R9-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780141803","article-title":"A comparison of methods for correlated ordinal measures with ophthalmic applications.","volume":"14","author":"Gange","year":"1995","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"R10-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1993.01880140038006","article-title":"The relation of hearing in the elderly to the presence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors.","volume":"119","author":"Gates","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"R11-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199008000-00001","article-title":"Hearing in the elderly: the Framingham cohort, 1983-1985. Part I. Basic audiometric test results.","volume":"11","author":"Gates","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"key":"R12-12-20210128","first-page":"576","article-title":"Sarthran preserves cochlear microcirculation and reduces temporary threshold shifts after noise exposure.","volume":"118","author":"Goldwin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"R13-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.6.3.263","article-title":"Pathological studies on the intracerebral and retinal arteries in cerebrovascular and noncerebrovascular diseases.","volume":"6","author":"Goto","year":"1975","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R14-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90525-0","article-title":"Methods for evaluation of retinal microvascular abnormalities associated with hypertension\/sclerosis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.","volume":"106","author":"Hubbard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R15-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1995.tb05539.x","article-title":"Hearing impairment in older adults: new concepts.","volume":"43","author":"Jerger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatric Society"},{"key":"R16-12-20210128","first-page":"425","article-title":"Race difference in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss.","volume":"7","author":"Jerger","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Otolaryngology"},{"key":"R17-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data.","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"R18-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3101.091158","article-title":"Microcirculation in hypertension: a new target for treatment?","volume":"104","author":"Levy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R19-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(97)70026-3","article-title":"Breakdown of stria vascularis blood-labyrinth barrier in C3H\/lpr autoimmune disease mice.","volume":"117","author":"Lin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"R20-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.08.015","article-title":"Retinal vessel diameter and open-angle glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.","volume":"112","author":"Mitchell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R21-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30846-9","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study.","volume":"102","author":"Mitchell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R22-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01055-2","article-title":"Five-year incidence of age-related maculopathy lesions: The blue mountains eye study.","volume":"109","author":"Mitchell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R23-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)96005-5","article-title":"Microangiopathy of the brain, retina, and cochlea (Susac syndrome). A report of five cases and a review of the literature.","volume":"105","author":"O'Halloran","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R24-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(74)90457-7","article-title":"General caliber of the retinal arteries expressed as the equivalent width of the central retinal artery.","volume":"77","author":"Parr","year":"1974","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R25-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198610000-00012","article-title":"Hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia, chronic noise exposure: is there synergism in cochlear pathology?","volume":"96","author":"Pillsbury","year":"1986","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"R26-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000095031.51492.C5","article-title":"Prognostic significance of small-artery structure in hypertension.","volume":"108","author":"Rizzoni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R27-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1159\/000212167","article-title":"Chronic cardiovascular pathology and hearing loss in the aged.","volume":"23","author":"Rubinstein","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"R28-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08644.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of alterations in the microcirculation of the cochlea.","volume":"884","author":"Seidman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Science"},{"key":"R29-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2002.00520.x","article-title":"Reliability of computer-assisted retinal vessel measurement in a population.","volume":"30","author":"Sherry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R30-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.15.4.2","article-title":"Factors predicting severity of tinnitus: a population-based assessment.","volume":"15","author":"Sindhusake","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"key":"R31-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3109\/14992020309078348","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus in older adults: the Blue Mountains Hearing Study.","volume":"42","author":"Sindhusake","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"R32-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.6.1371","article-title":"Validation of self-reported hearing loss. The Blue Mountains Hearing Study.","volume":"30","author":"Sindhusake","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"R33-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000140772.40322.ec","article-title":"Retinal arteriolar narrowing is associated with 5-year incident severe hypertension: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R34-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.25.4.474","article-title":"Effect of antihypertensive treatment on small arteries of patients with previously untreated essential hypertension.","volume":"25","author":"Thybo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R35-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(82)34663-1","article-title":"Pathophysiology of hypertensive retinopathy.","volume":"89","author":"Tso","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R36-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000090122.38230.41","article-title":"Hypertensive retinal vessel wall signs in a general older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R37-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.88.1.104","article-title":"Retinal vessel wall signs and the 5 year incidence of age related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R38-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000058480.77236.B3","article-title":"Is breakdown of the blood-brain barrier responsible for lacunar stroke, leukoariosis, and dementia?","volume":"34","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R39-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000136133.28194.E4","article-title":"Retinal microvascular abnormalities and renal dysfunction: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.","volume":"15","author":"Wong","year":"2004a","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"R40-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1539","article-title":"Retinal vascular caliber, cardiovascular risk factors, and inflammation: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA).","volume":"47","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"R41-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06253-5","article-title":"Retinal microvascular abnormalities and incident stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.","volume":"358","author":"Wong","year":"2001a","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R42-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(01)00234-X","article-title":"Retinal microvascular abnormalities and their relationship with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality.","volume":"46","author":"Wong","year":"2001b","journal-title":"Survey of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R43-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-4-200402170-00006","article-title":"Retinal arteriolar diameter and risk for hypertension.","volume":"140","author":"Wong","year":"2004b","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"R44-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.9.1153","article-title":"Retinal arteriolar narrowing and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.","volume":"287","author":"Wong","year":"2002a","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"R45-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.19.2528","article-title":"Retinal arteriolar narrowing and risk of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged persons.","volume":"287","author":"Wong","year":"2002b","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"R46-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032865","article-title":"Hypertensive retinopathy.","volume":"351","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"R47-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.1.63","article-title":"Retinopathy and risk of congestive heart failure.","volume":"293","author":"Wong","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"R48-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00216-8","article-title":"Vascular development in the retina and inner ear: control by Norrin and Frizzled-4, a high-affinity ligand-receptor pair.","volume":"116","author":"Xu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R49-12-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.1.83","article-title":"Retinopathy in older persons without diabetes and its relationship to hypertension.","volume":"116","author":"Yu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Ear &amp; Hearing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3180479388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T16:35:37Z","timestamp":1786034137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003446-200706000-00012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aud.0b013e3180479388","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-0202"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-0202","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}}}