{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:49:35Z","timestamp":1770338975003,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n The purpose was to investigate whether pain, function, satisfaction, or return to play (RTP) differs between sexes postoperatively in those undergoing medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for patellar instability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A review of patients who underwent an MPFL reconstruction for patellar instability was performed. Kujala score, visual analogue scale (VAS), patient satisfaction, willingness to undergo surgery again, revisions, RTP, and MPFL-return to sport after injury (MPFL-RSI) score were evaluated. Clinical outcomes were compared between sexes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Our study included 141 knees that underwent MPFL reconstruction, and the population was 69.5% female. Postoperatively, the mean VAS score at rest was 1.0 \u00b1 1.7 in male patients and 1.6 \u00b1 2.1 in female patients (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .0963). The mean Kujala score was 88.8 \u00b1 13.3 and 83.5 \u00b1 16.1 for male and female patients, respectively (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .1062). Overall, there was a significant difference in RTP, with male patients returning at higher rates (58.1 vs. 33.3%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .0479). The mean VAS score during activity was significantly lower in male patients at 1.8 compared with female patients at 3 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .016). The MPFL-RSI score was also significantly worse in female patients (69.5 vs. 55.6,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .0098). Although female patients had slightly higher rates of recurrent subjective instability (14.3 vs. 11.7%) and re-dislocation (2 vs. 0%), the difference was not statistically significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Female patients had worse clinical outcomes than male patients undergoing MPFL reconstruction for patellar instability, with significantly lower rates of RTP, VAS score during sport, and MPFL-RSI scores with a trend toward lower Kujala score and VAS score.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bh9.0000000000000021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T21:00:35Z","timestamp":1770238835000},"page":"135-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex-based differences in outcomes after surgical management of patellar instability"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Danielle H.","family":"Markus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eoghan T.","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward S.","family":"Mojica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirk A.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric 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