{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:33:52Z","timestamp":1786120432026,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Orthopedic surgery is among the most physically demanding medical specialties, exposing surgeons to prolonged static postures, repetitive high-force movements, and heavy equipment that significantly increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury. Historical perspectives reveal that ergonomic principles have been recognized since antiquity, yet modern surgical practice continues to neglect them, resulting in high rates of pain, disability, and even premature retirement among orthopedic surgeons. Recent survey data demonstrate that musculoskeletal disorders affect surgeons across all subspecialties, with the lumbar spine, neck, and shoulders most frequently involved, and that these injuries directly influence surgical performance, career longevity, and workforce sustainability. Evidence-based strategies\u2014including intraoperative postural awareness, optimized table and monitor positioning, ergonomic instrument design, microbreaks, targeted physical conditioning, and adoption of assistive technologies\u2014have been shown to mitigate injury risk without compromising operative efficiency. Reframing ergonomics as a cornerstone of operative excellence is essential not only for surgeon well-being but also for ensuring high-quality, sustainable patient care in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/bh9.0000000000000050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:03:43Z","timestamp":1777467823000},"page":"53-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surgery should not hurt: A look into the ergonomics of orthopedics"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3403-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittany","family":"DeClouette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekenedilichukwu","family":"Nwakoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3850-3642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Golant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(98)00050-7","article-title":"Ergonomic design in ancient Greece","volume":"30","author":"Marmaras","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"R2-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2003.08.001","article-title":"Bernardino Ramazzini's early observations of the link between musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic factors","volume":"35","author":"Franco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"R3-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.134.9.1011","article-title":"Surgery and ergonomics","volume":"134","author":"Berguer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"R4-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2011.622796","article-title":"World war II and other historical influences on the formation of the ergonomics research society","volume":"54","author":"Waterson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"R5-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.60118\/001c.13307","article-title":"Surgeon ergonomics during arthroscopic shoulder surgery","volume":"1","author":"Lohre","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthopaedic Experience Innovation"},{"key":"R6-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20230224-05","article-title":"Orthopedists report high prevalence of work-related pain and low ergonomic awareness","volume":"46","author":"Buddle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"R7-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.014415","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among orthopedic trauma surgeons: an OTA survey","volume":"59","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"R8-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2021.06.026","article-title":"Surgical ergonomics and musculoskeletal pain in arthroplasty surgeons","volume":"36","author":"McQuivey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"R9-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1715","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31821cd140","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders among spine surgeons","volume":"36","author":"Auerbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"R10-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v13.i12.1056","article-title":"Occupational injuries and burn out among orthopedic oncology surgeons","volume":"13","author":"Alaseem","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Orthopedics"},{"key":"R11-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0244868","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244868","article-title":"The risk of ergonomic injury across surgical specialties","volume":"16","author":"Aaron","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"R12-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jham.2024.100121","article-title":"Cervical spine positioning patterns amongst hand surgeons: a critical analysis of surgical posture","volume":"16","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Microsurgery"},{"key":"R13-20260626","first-page":"e20.00119","article-title":"Surgical ergonomics and musculoskeletal pain in orthopaedic surgery residents: a multicenter survey study","volume":"5","author":"McQuivey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthopaedic Surgeons. 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