{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:58:12Z","timestamp":1791212292711,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/bor.0000000000000008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]],"date-time":"2013-11-18T16:02:08Z","timestamp":1384790528000},"page":"101-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":214,"title":["Microbiome and mucosal inflammation as extra-articular triggers for rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Samuel B.","family":"Brusca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven B.","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose U.","family":"Scher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104816","article-title":"Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine.","volume":"307","author":"Backhed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R2-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.011602.092259","article-title":"How host-microbial interactions shape the nutrient environment of the mammalian intestine.","volume":"22","author":"Hooper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"R3-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3854","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.10.3854-3859.1998","article-title":"Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA from human fecal samples reveals stable and host-specific communities of active bacteria.","volume":"64","author":"Zoetendal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R4-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","article-title":"A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing.","volume":"464","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R5-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","article-title":"Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome.","volume":"486","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R6-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.121","article-title":"The microbiome and rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"7","author":"Scher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"R7-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591","article-title":"Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora.","volume":"308","author":"Eckburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R8-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09944","article-title":"Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome.","volume":"473","author":"Arumugam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R9-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002863","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002863","article-title":"A guide to enterotypes across the human body: meta-analysis of microbial community structures in human microbiome datasets.","volume":"9","author":"Koren","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"R10-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780301102","article-title":"The shared epitope hypothesis. An approach to understanding the molecular genetics of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"30","author":"Gregersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R11-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2462","article-title":"High-density genetic mapping identifies new susceptibility loci for rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"44","author":"Eyre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R12-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20018","article-title":"Specific autoantibodies precede the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a study of serial measurements in blood donors.","volume":"50","author":"Nielen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R13-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35296","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035296","article-title":"Autoantibody epitope spreading in the pre-clinical phase predicts progression to rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"7","author":"Sokolove","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R14-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.139527","article-title":"Different stages of rheumatoid arthritis: features of the synovium in the preclinical phase.","volume":"70","author":"Van de Sande","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R15-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.26.3.791-794.1979","article-title":"Susceptibility to adjuvant-induced arthritis among germfree, specific-pathogen-free, and conventional rats.","volume":"26","author":"Kohashi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R16-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1992.tb03079.x","article-title":"Gut flora induces and maintains resistance against streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis in F344 rats.","volume":"88","author":"Van den Broek","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"R17-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.6.2359","article-title":"The germfree state prevents development of gut and joint inflammatory disease in HLA-B27 transgenic rats.","volume":"180","author":"Taurog","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R18-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24763","article-title":"HLA-B27 misfolding and the unfolded protein response augment IL-23 production and are associated with Th17 activation in transgenic rats.","volume":"60","author":"DeLay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R19-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34561","article-title":"Expression of HLA-B27 causes loss of migratory dendritic cells in a rat model of spondyloarthritis.","volume":"64","author":"Utriainen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R20-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32639","article-title":"Stimulation of TLR2 and TLR4 differentially skews the balance of T cells in a mouse model of arthritis.","volume":"118","author":"Abdollahi-Roodsaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R21-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.06.001","article-title":"Gut-residing segmented filamentous bacteria drive autoimmune arthritis via T helper 17 cells.","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"R22-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041758","article-title":"A role for fungal -glucans and their receptor Dectin-1 in the induction of autoimmune arthritis in genetically susceptible mice.","volume":"201","author":"Yoshitomi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R23-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-012-0577-9","article-title":"Oral antigens induce rheumatoid arthritis-like inflammation in a rat model.","volume":"62","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"R25-16-20210128","first-page":"1500","article-title":"Fecal microbiota in early rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"35","author":"Vaahtovuo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R26-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-013-0338-1","article-title":"Analysis of fecal lactobacillus community structure in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"67","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"R27-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.04.022","article-title":"NLRP6 inflammasome is a regulator of colonic microbial ecology and risk for colitis.","volume":"145","author":"Elinav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R28-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3145","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.","volume":"19","author":"Koeth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R29-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2011.03.003","article-title":"Periodontal disease for the primary care physician.","volume":"57","author":"Kawar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"R30-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.12.040","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-associated rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"72","author":"Liao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"R31-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.04.015","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease.","volume":"77","author":"Berthelot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"R32-16-20210128","first-page":"70","article-title":"Association of periodontal disease and tooth loss with rheumatoid arthritis in the US population.","volume":"35","author":"De Pablo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R33-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200380","article-title":"Periodontal disease is significantly higher in nonsmoking treatment-naive rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from a case-control study.","volume":"71","author":"Potikuri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R34-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070501","article-title":"Association among rheumatoid arthritis, oral hygiene, and periodontitis.","volume":"79","author":"Pischon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R35-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201593","article-title":"Association between a history of periodontitis and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide, population-based, case-control study.","volume":"72","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R36-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091398","article-title":"A prospective study of periodontal disease and risk of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"37","author":"Arkema","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R37-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12017","article-title":"Effects of periodontal therapy on disease activity and systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients.","volume":"19","author":"Erciyas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R38-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-013-2781-5","article-title":"Periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis lowers gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-1beta and DAS28 in rheumatoid arthritis patients.","volume":"33","author":"Biyikoglu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"R39-16-20210128","first-page":"180","article-title":"Persistent periodontal disease hampers anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"18","author":"Savioli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"R40-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5002","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00542-10","article-title":"The human oral microbiome.","volume":"192","author":"Dewhirst","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R41-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.11.006","article-title":"The oral microbiome in health and disease.","volume":"69","author":"Wade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"R42-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200503","article-title":"New bacterial species associated with chronic periodontitis.","volume":"82","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R43-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12087","article-title":"Subgingival microbiome in smokers and nonsmokers in periodontitis: an exploratory study using traditional targeted techniques and a next-generation sequencing.","volume":"40","author":"Bizzarro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R44-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3248","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3248-3256.1999","article-title":"Purification, characterization, and sequence analysis of a potential virulence factor from Porphyromonas gingivalis, peptidyl arginine deiminase.","volume":"67","author":"McGraw","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R45-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-004-6641-z","article-title":"Hypothesis: the humoral immune response to oral bacteria provides a stimulus for the development of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"28","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"R46-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1004965","article-title":"The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"365","author":"McInnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R47-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37911","article-title":"Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in unaffected first-degree relatives of rheumatoid arthritis patients.","volume":"65","author":"Barra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R48-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27552","article-title":"Peptidyl arginine deiminase from Porphyromonas gingivalis citrullinates human fibrinogen and -enolase: implications for autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"62","author":"Wegner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R49-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30639","article-title":"Immunization with Porphyromonas gingivalis enolase induces autoimmunity to mammalian -enolase and arthritis in DR4-IE-transgenic mice.","volume":"63","author":"Kinloch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R50-16-20210128","first-page":"12","article-title":"Periodontal treatment decreases levels of antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis and citrulline in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis.","volume":"1-","author":"Okada","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R51-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.09.008","article-title":"Antibody responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis.","volume":"9","author":"Mikuls","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"R52-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34595","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis and disease-related autoantibodies in individuals at increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"64","author":"Mikuls","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R53-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091323","article-title":"Antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with anticitrullinated protein antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relatives.","volume":"37","author":"Hitchon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R54-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34539","article-title":"Periodontal disease and the oral microbiota in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"64","author":"Scher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R55-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201210-1913OC","article-title":"Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers.","volume":"187","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R56-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16384","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016384","article-title":"Analysis of the lung microbiome in the Healthy smoker and in COPD.","volume":"6","author":"Erb-Downward","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R57-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8578","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008578","article-title":"Disordered microbial communities in asthmatic airways.","volume":"5","author":"Hilty","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R58-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-1-19","article-title":"Enrichment of lung microbiome with supraglottic taxa is associated with increased pulmonary inflammation.","volume":"1","author":"Segal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"R59-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.075192","article-title":"Smoking increases peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 enzyme expression in human lungs and increases citrullination in BAL cells.","volume":"67","author":"Makrygiannakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R60-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.130526","article-title":"PADI4 polymorphism predisposes male smokers to rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"70","author":"Kochi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R61-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202949","article-title":"Relationship between air pollution and positivity of RA-related autoantibodies in individuals without established RA: a report on SERA.","volume":"72","author":"Gan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R62-16-20210128","first-page":"1756","article-title":"Brief report: Airways abnormalities and rheumatoid arthritis-related autoantibodies in subjects without arthritis: early injury or initiating site of autoimmunity Arthritis R","volume":"64","author":"Demoruelle","year":"2012","journal-title":"heum"},{"key":"R63-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38066","article-title":"Sputa autoantibodies in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis and subjects at-risk for future clinically apparent disease.","volume":"65","author":"Willis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,19]],"date-time":"2024-05-19T13:34:08Z","timestamp":1716125648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00002281-201401000-00016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bor.0000000000000008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8711","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}}}