{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:25:23Z","timestamp":1791897923258,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/bor.0000000000000028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]],"date-time":"2014-01-13T23:40:15Z","timestamp":1389656415000},"page":"186-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":444,"title":["Definition of hyperuricemia and gouty conditions"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bardin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Richette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90441-4","article-title":"Asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Risks and consequences in the Normative Aging Study.","volume":"82","author":"Campion","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R3-14-20210128","first-page":"1501","article-title":"The interaction between uric acid level and other risk factors on the development of gout among asymptomatic hyperuricemic men in a prospective study.","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R4-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.37.5.466","article-title":"A prospective study of gout in New Zealand Maoris.","volume":"37","author":"Brauer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R6-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055269","article-title":"EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: Management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT).","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R7-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21772","article-title":"2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia.","volume":"64","author":"Khanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"R8-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq363","article-title":"Frequency and risk factors of gout flares in a large population-based cohort of incident gout.","volume":"50","author":"Rothenbacher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"R9-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/24.2.155","article-title":"Diuretic-induced gout in elderly women.","volume":"24","author":"Macfarlane","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R10-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.071229","article-title":"Quality of life and disability in patients with treatment-failure gout.","volume":"36","author":"Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R11-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770802136040","article-title":"Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: impact of ultrasonography.","volume":"27","author":"Puig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"R12-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R4","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3223","article-title":"Joint and tendon subclinical involvement suggestive of gouty arthritis in asymptomatic hyperuricemia: an ultrasound controlled study.","volume":"13","author":"Pineda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"R13-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.154997","article-title":"Diagnosis of gout in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia: a pilot ultrasound study.","volume":"71","author":"De Miguel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R14-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202301","article-title":"A systematic review of ultrasonography in gout and asymptomatic hyperuricaemia.","volume":"72","author":"Chowalloor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R15-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27301","article-title":"Clinical images: gout revealed on arthroscopy after minor injury.","volume":"62","author":"Baker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R16-14-20210128","first-page":"816","article-title":"An exploratory ultrasound study of early gout.","volume":"29","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"R17-14-20210128","first-page":"499","article-title":"Ultrasonography in gout: a case-control study.","volume":"30","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R19-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.42.Suppl_1.12","article-title":"Studies of urate crystallisation in relation to gout.","volume":"42","author":"Fiddis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R21-14-20210128","first-page":"1950","article-title":"The inflammatory process in the mechanism of decreased serum uric acid concentrations during acute gouty arthritis.","volume":"29","author":"Urano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R22-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.078683","article-title":"Clinical features and risk factors of postsurgical gout.","volume":"67","author":"Kang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"R23-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20S","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02697.x","article-title":"Influence of moderate drinking on purine and carbohydrate metabolism.","volume":"26","author":"Nishioka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R24-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201215","article-title":"Purine-rich foods intake and recurrent gout attacks.","volume":"71","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R25-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27667","article-title":"Engagement of fatty acids with Toll-like receptor 2 drives interleukin-1beta production via the ASCcaspase 1 pathway in monosodium urate monohydrate crystal-induced gouty arthritis.","volume":"62","author":"Joosten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R26-14-20210128","first-page":"1435","article-title":"Purine-rich foods: an innocent bystander of gout attacks Ann Rheum D","volume":"71","author":"Richette","year":"2012","journal-title":"is"},{"key":"R27-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-011-1802-6","article-title":"Gender-specific risk factors for incident gout: a prospective cohort study.","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"R28-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30520","article-title":"Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008.","volume":"63","author":"Zhu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R29-14-20210128","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Community based epidemiological study on hyperuricemia and gout in Kin-Hu, Kinmen.","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R31-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200320","article-title":"Preliminary criteria for the classification of the acute arthritis of primary gout.","volume":"20","author":"Wallace","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R32-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201254","article-title":"Epidemiology of gout and hyperuricaemia in Italy during the years 2005-2009: a nationwide population-based study.","volume":"72","author":"Trifiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R33-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0307-742X(21)00454-9","article-title":"The role of the laboratory in rheumatology. Uric acid and the interpretation of hyperuricaemia.","volume":"9","author":"Scott","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R34-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/11.3.427","article-title":"Comparison of a colorimetric (automated) with an enzymatic (manual) uric acid procedure.","volume":"11","author":"OSullivan","year":"1965","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R35-14-20210128","first-page":"447","article-title":"Hyperuricemia. I. Remarks on the methods of determination of uricemia in the blood; definition of normal uricemia.","volume":"32","author":"Ryckewaert","year":"1965","journal-title":"Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic"},{"key":"R36-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh379","article-title":"Intermittent elevation of serum urate and 24-h urinary uric acid excretion.","volume":"43","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"R37-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197209282871308","article-title":"Serum urate in healthy men. Intermittent elevations and seasonal effect.","volume":"287","author":"Goldstein","year":"1972","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R38-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(65)90048-3","article-title":"The distribution of serum uric acid values in a population unselected as to gout or hyperuricemia: Tecumseh, Michigan 1959-1960.","volume":"39","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R39-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.41.3.272","article-title":"Serum uric acid levels among thirty-four thousand people in Japan.","volume":"41","author":"Akizuki","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R40-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(67)90004-6","article-title":"Epidemiology of gout and hyperuricemia: a long-term population study.","volume":"42","author":"Hall","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R41-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.36.5.420","article-title":"Serum uric acid in England and Scotland.","volume":"36","author":"Sturge","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R42-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0556","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of gout.","volume":"3","author":"Roddy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol"},{"key":"R43-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380508","article-title":"Racial differences in the incidence of gout: the role of hypertension.","volume":"38","author":"Hochberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R44-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780260115","article-title":"Trends in serum uric acid levels 1961-1980.","volume":"26","author":"Glynn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R45-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780150209","article-title":"The influence of temperature on the solubility of monosodium urate.","volume":"15","author":"Loeb","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R46-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102483","article-title":"Joint temperature measurement in the evaluation of antiarthritic agents.","volume":"30","author":"Hollander","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R47-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken087","article-title":"Gout and nodal osteoarthritis: a case-control study.","volume":"47","author":"Roddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"R49-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2012.08.012","article-title":"Gout: the mechanism of urate crystal nucleation and growth: a hypothesis based in facts.","volume":"80","author":"Pascual","year":"2013","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"R50-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.11.696a","article-title":"Serum uric acid in acute gout.","volume":"56","author":"Logan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R51-14-20210128","first-page":"2265","article-title":"Serum urate during bouts of acute gouty arthritis.","volume":"24","author":"Schlesinger","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R52-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.196","article-title":"A diagnostic rule for acute gouty arthritis in primary care without joint fluid analysis.","volume":"170","author":"Janssens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R54-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055251","article-title":"EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part I: Diagnosis. Report of a task force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT).","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R55-14-20210128","first-page":"109","article-title":"Blood uric acid levels in gout patients.","volume":"8","author":"Ryckewaert","year":"1966","journal-title":"Rein Foie"},{"key":"R56-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.5.461","article-title":"Clinical survey of 354 patients with gout.","volume":"29","author":"Grahame","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R57-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770.2011.596496","article-title":"Japanese guideline for the management of hyperuricemia and gout: second edition.","volume":"30","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"R58-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20344","article-title":"Hyperuricemia and incident hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"63","author":"Grayson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"R59-14-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201916","article-title":"Serum urate association with hypertension in young adults: analysis from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort.","volume":"72","author":"Gaffo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000028","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T07:04:57Z","timestamp":1648019097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00002281-201403000-00014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bor.0000000000000028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8711","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}}}