{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:16:33Z","timestamp":1786119393952,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/bor.0b013e32832eba21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,13]],"date-time":"2009-08-13T14:53:58Z","timestamp":1250175238000},"page":"465-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Pathogenesis of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Nikolay P","family":"Nikolov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabor G","family":"Illei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23368","article-title":"Inflammatory stimuli accelerate Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome-like disease in (NZB \u00d7 NZW)F1 mice","volume":"58","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R2-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2008.00700.x","article-title":"Activation of innate immune responses through Toll-like receptor 3 causes a rapid loss of salivary gland function","volume":"38","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R3-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2008.70","article-title":"Inflammatory caspases are critical for enhanced cell death in the target tissue of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome before disease onset","volume":"87","author":"Bulosan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R4-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23214","article-title":"Salivary gland tissue expression of interleukin-23 and interleukin-17 in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: findings in humans and mice","volume":"58","author":"Nguyen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R5-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200738008","article-title":"Systemic increase in type I interferon activity in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a putative role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells","volume":"38","author":"Wildenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R6-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080174","article-title":"Expression of the retinoblastoma protein RbAp48 in exocrine glands leads to Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome-like autoimmune exocrinopathy","volume":"205","author":"Ishimaru","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R7-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.4.2318","article-title":"Development of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome in nonobese diabetic-derived autoimmune-prone C57BL\/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice is dependent on complement component-3","volume":"179","author":"Nguyen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R8-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22715","article-title":"Female mice are more susceptible to developing inflammatory disorders due to impaired transforming growth factor beta signaling in salivary glands","volume":"56","author":"Nandula","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R9-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22826","article-title":"Modified aquaporin 5 expression and distribution in submandibular glands from NOD mice displaying autoimmune exocrinopathy","volume":"56","author":"Soyfoo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R10-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680802262819","article-title":"Altered distribution of aquaporin 5 and its C-terminal binding protein in the lacrimal glands of a mouse model for Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Ohashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R11-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G112","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00359.2007","article-title":"Degradation of submandibular gland AQP5 by parasympathetic denervation of chorda tympani and its recovery by cevimeline, an M3 muscarinic receptor agonist","volume":"295","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"R12-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R18","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2609","article-title":"Impaired vascular responses to parasympathetic nerve stimulation and muscarinic receptor activation in the submandibular gland in nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"11","author":"Berggreen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"R13-5-20210128","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Low serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in women with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome as an isolated sign of impaired HPA axis function","volume":"28","author":"Valtysdottir","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R14-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22828","article-title":"Low salivary dehydroepiandrosterone and androgen-regulated cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 levels in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Laine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R15-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080220","article-title":"Androgen deficiency and defective intracrine processing of dehydroepiandrosterone in salivary glands in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Porola","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R17-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0106","article-title":"Low serum levels of sex-steroids are associated with disease characteristics in primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome; supplementation with dehydroepiandrosterone restores the concentrations","volume":"94","author":"Forsblad d'Elia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R18-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510837103","article-title":"Activation of IFN pathways and plasmacytoid dendritic cell recruitment in target organs of primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Gottenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R19-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21006","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of minor salivary glands clearly distinguishes primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome patients from healthy control subjects","volume":"52","author":"Hjelmervik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R20-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2009.20","article-title":"Peripheral blood gene expression profiling in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Emamian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"R21-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.077891","article-title":"Lack of efficacy of etanercept in Sjogren syndrome correlates with failed suppression of tumour necrosis factor alpha and systemic immune activation","volume":"67","author":"Moutsopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R22-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23191","article-title":"Serum type I interferon activity is dependent on maternal diagnosis in anti-SSA\/Ro-positive mothers of children with neonatal lupus","volume":"58","author":"Niewold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R23-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3995","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23062","article-title":"Augmented interferon-alpha pathway activation in patients with Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome treated with etanercept","volume":"56","author":"Mavragani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R24-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200738013","article-title":"Viruses induce high expression of BAFF by salivary gland epithelial cells through TLR- and type-I IFN-dependent and -independent pathways","volume":"38","author":"Ittah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R25-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.02049.x","article-title":"B-cell activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor family expression in blood monocytes and T cells from patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Lavie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"R26-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.065656","article-title":"Decreased B cell activating factor receptor expression on peripheral lymphocytes associated with increased disease activity in primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"66","author":"Sellam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R27-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22458","article-title":"Aberrant expression of BAFF by B lymphocytes infiltrating the salivary glands of patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Daridon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R28-5-20210128","first-page":"2385","article-title":"Autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a controlled study","volume":"25","author":"Andonopoulos","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R29-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R31","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2385","article-title":"Mild autonomic dysfunction in primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: a controlled study","volume":"10","author":"Cai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"R30-5-20210128","first-page":"697","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system dysfunction involving the gastrointestinal and the urinary tracts in primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Kovacs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"R31-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken107","article-title":"Autonomic nervous symptoms in primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Mandl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"R32-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.5.291","article-title":"Fatigue in primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Barendregt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R33-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740701607638","article-title":"Dysphagia and dysmotility of the pharynx and oesophagus in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Mandl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R34-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21347","article-title":"Antimuscarinic antibodies in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: where are we, and where are we going?","volume":"52","author":"Dawson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R35-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken064","article-title":"Functional epitope of muscarinic type 3 receptor which interacts with autoantibodies from Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome patients","volume":"47","author":"Koo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"R36-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2007.11.001","article-title":"Evidence that antimuscarinic antibodies in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome recognise both M3R and M1R","volume":"36","author":"Schegg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"R37-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.04.001","article-title":"Demonstration of autoantibody binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the salivary gland in primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"128","author":"Kovacs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R38-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30555","article-title":"Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway","volume":"117","author":"Tracey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R39-5-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.31","article-title":"The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: towards innovative treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"van Maanen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32832eba21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:08:06Z","timestamp":1786039686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00002281-200909000-00005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bor.0b013e32832eba21","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8711","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}}}