{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T21:48:24Z","timestamp":1789940904401,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/bor.0b013e328335fceb","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,28]],"date-time":"2010-01-28T01:06:54Z","timestamp":1264640814000},"page":"223-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Nonmedicinal therapy in the management of ankle arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Smita","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott J","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan T","family":"Deland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Hillstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.50.1.8","article-title":"Study of 500 patients with limb joint osteoarthritis. I. Analysis by age, sex, and distribution of symptomatic joint sites","volume":"50","author":"Cushnaghan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R3-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.11.006","article-title":"Cartilage degeneration in different human joints","volume":"13","author":"Kuettner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"R4-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000091109.10647.6D","article-title":"Restraint use and lower extremity fractures in frontal motor vehicle collisions","volume":"57","author":"Estrada","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R5-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2000.30.2.56","article-title":"Total ankle replacement revisited","volume":"30","author":"Saltzman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"R6-19-20210128","first-page":"44","article-title":"Epidemiology of ankle arthritis: report of a consecutive series of 639 patients from a tertiary orthopaedic center","volume":"25","author":"Saltzman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"R7-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0543-6","article-title":"Etiology of ankle osteoarthritis","volume":"467","author":"Valderrabano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R8-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31818915d9","article-title":"Posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis after ankle-related fractures","volume":"23","author":"Horisberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R9-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198510000-00005","article-title":"Operative treatment of ankle fracture-dislocations: a follow-up study of 306\/321 consecutive cases.","volume":"199","author":"Lindsjo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R10-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199611000-00003","article-title":"Operative treatment of fractures of the tibial plafond: a randomized, prospective study","volume":"78","author":"Wyrsch","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R11-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902000110","article-title":"Rank order analysis of tibial plafond fractures: does injury or reduction predict outcome?","volume":"20","author":"DeCoster","year":"1999","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R13-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200505000-00002","article-title":"Osteochondral lesions of the talus","volume":"13","author":"Schachter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"R14-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01246141","article-title":"Load-bearing pattern of the ankle joint: contact area and pressure distribution","volume":"96","author":"Kimizuka","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"R15-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.58.1.27","article-title":"Thickness of human articular cartilage in joints of the lower limb","volume":"58","author":"Shepherd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R16-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20593","article-title":"In vivo cartilage contact deformation of human ankle joints under full body weight","volume":"26","author":"Wan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"R17-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20589","article-title":"Correlation of dynamic cartilage contact stress aberrations with severity of instability in ankle incongruity","volume":"26","author":"Tochigi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"R18-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.04.005","article-title":"The effect of incongruity and instability on contact stress directional gradients in human cadaveric ankles","volume":"16","author":"McKinley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"R19-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2005.07.006","article-title":"Preoperative gait characterization of patients with ankle arthrosis","volume":"24","author":"Khazzam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"R20-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20261","article-title":"Lower leg muscle atrophy in ankle osteoarthritis","volume":"24","author":"Valderrabano","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"R21-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0734","article-title":"Effect of posttraumatic tibiotalar osteoarthritis on kinematics of the ankle joint complex","volume":"30","author":"Kozanek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R22-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.12.005","article-title":"Alterations of plantar pressure distribution in posttraumatic end-stage ankle osteoarthritis","volume":"24","author":"Horisberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"R23-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200611000-00007","article-title":"Impact of comorbidities on the measurement of health in patients with ankle osteoarthritis","volume":"88","author":"Saltzman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R24-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502600707","article-title":"Functional limitations of patients with end-stage ankle arthrosis","volume":"26","author":"Agel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R25-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01299","article-title":"Comparison of health-related quality of life between patients with end-stage ankle and hip arthrosis","volume":"90","author":"Glazebrook","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R26-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2007.2404","article-title":"Posttraumatic ankle arthritis: an update on conservative and surgical management","volume":"37","author":"Martin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"R27-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2008.10.002","article-title":"Immediate effects of contralateral and ipsilateral cane use on normal adult gait","volume":"1","author":"Aragaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"R28-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.03.026","article-title":"Partial weight-bearing gait using conventional assistive devices","volume":"86","author":"Youdas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R29-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0010","article-title":"Alterations in plantar pressure with different walking boot designs","volume":"28","author":"DiLiberto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R30-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.06.008","article-title":"Effects of modified short-leg walkers on ground reaction force characteristics","volume":"23","author":"Keefer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"R31-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2008.12.004","article-title":"Brace management for ankle arthritis","volume":"26","author":"John","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"key":"R32-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2004.05.003","article-title":"The effects of rocker sole and SACH heel on kinematics in gait","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"R33-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.12.043","article-title":"Effects of ankle-foot orthoses on ankle and foot kinematics in patient with ankle osteoarthritis","volume":"87","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R34-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2900","article-title":"Shoe inserts alter plantar loading and function in patients with midfoot arthritis","volume":"39","author":"Rao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"R35-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215508101737","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial for clinical effects of varying types of insoles combined with specialized shoes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of the foot","volume":"23","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"R36-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2008.04.003","article-title":"Dietary and viscosupplementation in ankle arthritis.","volume":"13","author":"Khosla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"R37-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-009-9048-5","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid as a treatment for ankle osteoarthritis","volume":"2","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"R38-19-20210128","first-page":"295","article-title":"Sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the ankle: a controlled, randomized, double-blind pilot study","volume":"88","author":"Salk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R39-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2008.01.001","article-title":"A prospective multicentre, open study of the safety and efficacy of hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc) in patients with symptomatic ankle (talo-crural) osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Witteveen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"R40-19-20210128","first-page":"288","article-title":"Intra-articular hyaluronic acid compared to exercise therapy in osteoarthritis of the ankle: a prospective randomized trial with long-term follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Karatosun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"R41-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.03.003","article-title":"Efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid in patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle: a prospective study","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"R42-19-20210128","first-page":"737","article-title":"Arthroscopic ankle debridement: 5-year survival analysis","volume":"73","author":"Hassouna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"R43-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0554","article-title":"Fresh osteochondral total ankle allograft transplantation for the treatment of ankle arthritis","volume":"29","author":"Jeng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R44-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0318","article-title":"Joint preservation of the osteoarthritic ankle using distraction arthroplasty","volume":"30","author":"Tellisi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R45-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200709000-00002","article-title":"Intermediate and long-term outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty and ankle arthrodesis: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"89","author":"Haddad","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R46-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200301000-00025","article-title":"Ankle fusion attributable to posttraumatic arthrosis: a long-term followup of 48 patients.","volume":"406","author":"Buchner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R47-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0019","article-title":"Effect of tibiotalar joint arthrodesis on adjacent tarsal joint pressure in a cadaver model","volume":"28","author":"Jung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R48-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(02)00048-7","article-title":"Long-term outcome of ankle arthrodesis","volume":"7","author":"Muir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"R49-19-20210128","first-page":"526","article-title":"Gait analysis and functional outcomes following ankle arthrodesis for isolated ankle arthritis","volume":"88","author":"Thomas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R50-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200805000-00003","article-title":"Osteoarthritis of the ankle: the role of arthroplasty","volume":"16","author":"Chou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"R51-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200808000-00014","article-title":"Design features of current total ankle replacements: implants and instrumentation","volume":"16","author":"Cracchiolo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"R52-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200406000-00007","article-title":"The agility total ankle arthroplasty: seven to sixteen-year follow-up.","volume":"86-A","author":"Knecht","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R53-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0824","article-title":"Intermediate term outcome of the agility total ankle arthroplasty","volume":"30","author":"Claridge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R54-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000132462.72843.e8","article-title":", The HINTEGRA ankle: rationale and short-term results of 122 consecutive ankles.","volume":"424","author":"Hintermann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R55-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0978","article-title":"Perioperative complications of HINTEGRA total ankle replacement: our initial 50 cases","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R56-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000132407.75881.a0","article-title":"Midterm results of the Salto total ankle prosthesis.","volume":"424","author":"Bonnin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R57-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700606","article-title":"Eight-year results of a minimally constrained total ankle arthroplasty","volume":"27","author":"San Giovanni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R58-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B1.21346","article-title":"A randomised, controlled trial of two mobile-bearing total ankle replacements","volume":"91","author":"Wood","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R59-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0579","article-title":"Prospective controlled trial of STAR total ankle replacement versus ankle fusion: initial results","volume":"30","author":"Saltzman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R61-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0375","article-title":"Polyethylene fracture following STAR ankle arthroplasty: a report of three cases","volume":"30","author":"Scott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R63-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000132245.18548.09","article-title":"Scandinavian total ankle replacement: a 3.7-year average followup of 65 patients.","volume":"424","author":"Valderrabano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R64-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B4.20855","article-title":"Total ankle replacement in patients with significant preoperative deformity of the hindfoot","volume":"91","author":"Hobson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R65-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B9.22411","article-title":"Total ankle replacement in moderate to severe varus deformity of the ankle","volume":"91","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R66-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508323253","article-title":"Habitual physical activity and sports participation after total ankle arthroplasty","volume":"37","author":"Naal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R68-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502601113","article-title":"Evidence of validity for the foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM)","volume":"26","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R69-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0003","article-title":"Ankle replacement versus arthrodesis: a comparative gait analysis study","volume":"29","author":"Piriou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"R70-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.05.003","article-title":"Gait analysis in ankle osteoarthritis and total ankle replacement","volume":"22","author":"Valderrabano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"R71-19-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.03.012","article-title":"GAIT analysis in patients operated with a novel total ankle prosthesis","volume":"30","author":"Ingrosso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/BOR.0b013e328335fceb","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:18:09Z","timestamp":1786040289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00002281-201003000-00019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bor.0b013e328335fceb","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8711","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}