{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T03:30:43Z","timestamp":1784172643690,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To report the outcomes when performing a dual-planar osteotomy of the distal humerus via a posterior approach for gunstock deformity in children.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A retrospective review.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Penn State Hershey Pediatric Bone and Joint Institute.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patients\/Participants:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Sixteen patients were reviewed. The average patient age was 8 years (range, 5\u201313 years).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Intervention:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A complete dual-planar closing wedge osteotomy was performed with the patient in the prone position via a posterior triceps-splitting approach. Fixation with buried smooth K wires was utilized.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Valgus correction obtained, final elbow range of motion, radiographic and clinical correction of the deformity, the patient's satisfaction, and elbow function were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Preoperative radiographs showed the average humeral-ulnar angle (HUA) was 17 degrees of varus (range, 10\u201326 degrees varus). The average wedge removed wallow-up clinical exam demonstrated that the carrying angle was in valgus in 15 cases and neutral in 1 case. The average carrying angle was 5 degrees of valgus (range, 0\u201311 degrees valgus). The average hyperextenss 25 degrees (range, 20\u201340 degrees). Duration of follow-up averaged 51 months (range, 12\u2013126 months). Final foion deformity improved from 9 degrees preoperatively to 1 degree postoperatively. Outcomes were classified by the grading scale described by Oppenheim: 14 cases had excellent results and 2 cases had good results.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This method provides clear visualization and excellent correction of the deformities. The posterior scar is cosmetically acceptable. We recommend this technique for the treatment of gunstock deformity in children.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000000591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T13:29:53Z","timestamp":1458739793000},"page":"e340-e345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Simple Dual-Planar Osteotomy to Correct Cubitus Varus Deformity in Children"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Travis R.","family":"Liddell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CORE Orthopaedics, Avera Medical Group, Sioux Falls, SD; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William L.","family":"Hennrikus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Bresnahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230828","first-page":"194","article-title":"The normal carrying angle of the elbow. 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