{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:37:52Z","timestamp":1787009872653,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To determine whether ketorolac administered in the immediate perioperative period affects the rate of nonunion in femoral and tibial shaft fractures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective comparative study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting:<\/jats:title>\n Single Institution, Academic Level 1 Trauma Center.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients:<\/jats:title>\n Three hundred and thirteen skeletally mature patients with 137 femoral shaft (OTA 32) and 191 tibial shaft (OTA 42) fractures treated with intramedullary rod fixation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Intervention:<\/jats:title>\n Eighty patients with 33 femoral shaft and 52 tibial shaft fractures were administered ketorolac within the first 24 hours after surgery (group 1\u2014study group). Two-hundred thirty-three patients with 104 femoral shaft and 139 tibial shaft fractures were not (group 2\u2014control group).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measurements:<\/jats:title>\n Rate of reoperation for repair of a nonunion and time to union.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Average time to union of the femur was 147 days for group 1 and 159 days for group 2 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.57). Average time to union of the tibia was 175 days for group 1 and 175 days for group 2 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.57). There were 3 femoral nonunions (9%) in group 1 and eleven femoral nonunions (11.6%) in group 2 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.00). There were 3 tibial nonunions (5.8%) in group 1 and 17 tibial nonunions (12.2%) in group 2 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.29). The average dose of ketorolac for patients who healed their fracture was 85 mg, whereas it was 50 mg for those who did not (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.27). All patients with a nonunion in the study group were current smokers.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Ketorolac administered in the first 24 hours after fracture repair for acute pain management does not seem to have a negative impact on time to healing or incidence of nonunion for femoral or tibial shaft fractures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000000620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T08:48:24Z","timestamp":1461833304000},"page":"479-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Ketorolac Administered in the Recovery Room for Acute Pain Management Does Not Affect Healing Rates of Femoral and Tibial Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Donohue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Trauma Service, Florida Orthopedic Institute, Tampa, FL;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa","family":"Serrano-Riera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Trauma Service, Florida Orthopedic Institute, Tampa, FL;"},{"name":"Foundation for Orthopaedic Trauma and Education, Temple Terrace, FL;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miami Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Institute, Miami, FL; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Gaskins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL;"},{"name":"Orthopedic Trauma Service, Florida Orthopedic Institute, Tampa, FL;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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