{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T21:35:24Z","timestamp":1770413724399,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Ring fixation is a powerful tool in the treatment of bone defects. The ability to create high-quality, biologically normal new bone of even massive proportions using distraction osteogenesis is a major reason for its success. In addition, ring fixation provides the ability to limit the risk of deep infection, improves flexibility in limb length control and alignment, and increases soft tissue coverage options. The drawbacks of ring fixation include long frame times, pin problems, risk of joint contractures, and difficult usage in areas with a large soft tissue envelope such as the thigh. Significant advancements such as hydroxyapatite coated pins, internal cable transport, multifocal transport, and combined techniques with internal fixation have helped increase the effectiveness of ring fixator use by minimizing many of the drawbacks. At present, ring fixation provides the most effective means of treatment for large bone defects in many clinic situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000000985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]],"date-time":"2017-09-25T08:23:22Z","timestamp":1506327802000},"page":"S42-S46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Segmental Bone Loss Reconstruction Using Ring Fixation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Quinnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B3.7744927","article-title":"The epidemiology of tibial fractures","volume":"77","author":"Court-Brown","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"key":"R2-20230828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(98)00125-9","article-title":"The epidemiology of open long bone fractures","volume":"29","author":"Court-Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"R3-20230828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000700","article-title":"Treatment options for nonunion with segmental bone defects: systematic review and quantitative evidence synthesis","volume":"31","author":"Kadhim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"R4-20230828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198904000-00017","article-title":"Ilizarov treatment of tibial nonunions with bone loss","volume":"241","author":"Paley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"R5-20230828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198901000-00038","article-title":"The tension-stress effect on the genesis and growth of tissues. 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