{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T11:03:22Z","timestamp":1769771002681,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To compare the clinical outcomes of static versus dynamic external fixation for elbow fracture-dislocations with persistent instability after surgical management.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Comparative, retrospective review.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Two tertiary referral upper-extremity centers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty-four elbows requiring external fixation for persistent elbow instability within 90 days of surgical management of an elbow fracture-dislocation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Intervention:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Static and dynamic external fixation was used in 16 and 8 patients, respectively, for a median of 39 days (interquartile range, 33\u201348 days).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Elbow range of motion, complications, and revision surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Immediately after static and dynamic external fixation removal, there was no difference in elbow extension [33 degrees \u00b1 16 degrees vs. 41 degrees \u00b1 13 degrees, mean difference (MD) 7 degrees, 95% confidence interval (CI) \u22126 degrees\u201322 degrees] or flexion (114 degrees \u00b1 35 degrees vs. 118 degrees \u00b1 11 degrees, MD 4 degrees, 95% CI -23 degrees\u2013132 degrees), respectively. At last follow-up, static and dynamic external fixation groups had no difference in elbow extension (27 degrees \u00b1 13 degrees vs. 24 degrees \u00b1 10 degrees, MD -3 degrees, 95% CI \u201315 degrees\u20137 degrees) or flexion (129 degrees \u00b1 12 degrees vs. 128 degrees \u00b1 14 degrees, MD -1 degree, 95% CI -13 degrees\u201310 degrees), respectively. Static and dynamic external fixation groups had no difference in complications [7 (44%) vs. 5 (63%), difference 19%, 95% CI -23%\u201354%] or revision surgeries [6 (38%) vs. 4 (50%), difference 13%, 95% CI -27%\u201349%].<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>No difference in range of motion, complications, and revision surgeries was detected after static versus dynamic external fixation of persistently unstable elbow fracture-dislocations. Due to ease of application, static external fixation is our preferred treatment for these injuries.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000001876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T23:30:26Z","timestamp":1592955026000},"page":"e82-e88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Static and Dynamic External Fixation are Equally Effective for Unstable Elbow Fracture-Dislocations"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Saad","family":"AlQahtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam AbdulRahman Bin Faisal University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Aibinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, NY;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua A.","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Seltser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St. Joseph's Health Care, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George S.","family":"Athwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St. Joseph's Health Care, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham J. W.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St. Joseph's Health Care, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott P.","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St. Joseph's Health Care, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200209000-00017","article-title":"Treatment of unreduced elbow dislocations with hinged external fixation","volume":"84","author":"Jupiter","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg."},{"key":"R2-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.55095\/achot2013\/066","article-title":"Hinged external fixation in orthopaedic and trauma surgery of the elbow [in Czech]","volume":"80","author":"Feranec","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech."},{"key":"R3-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3959-1","article-title":"Good functional recovery of complex elbow dislocations treated with hinged external fixation: a multicenter prospective study","volume":"473","author":"Iordens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"1_suppl_1","key":"R4-20250614","first-page":"22","article-title":"Standard surgical protocol to treat elbow dislocations with radial head and coronoid fractures","volume":"87","author":"McKee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"R5-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.06.002","article-title":"Treatment of persistent instability after posterior fracture-dislocation of the elbow: restoring stability and mobility by internal fixation and hinged external fixation","volume":"20","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"R6-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-010-1024-6","article-title":"Outcomes after terrible triads of the elbow treated with the current surgical protocols. 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