{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:32:43Z","timestamp":1787697163157,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To determine whether open (O) or closed (C) geriatric ankle fractures had different patient characteristics or outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Urban Level 1 trauma center.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patient Selection Criteria:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients, age 60 years and older, who underwent operative fixation of a rotational ankle fracture (OTA\/AO 44A-C) between January 2012 and September 2021.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Outcome Measures and Comparisons:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Morbidity, defined as 90-day reoperation, 90-day readmission, or loss of mobility, as well as 1-year mortality compared between patients with closed and open fractures.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The open cohort was older (75 years vs. 68 years; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) but had similar Charlson comorbidity indices (4.6 O vs. 4.0 C; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.323) and preinjury rates of independent ambulation (70.4% O vs. 80.9% C; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.363). There were higher rates of 1-year mortality (11% vs. 0%; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), deep infection (14.8% vs. 3.9%; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.019), and loss of mobility (64.7% vs. 23.0%; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) in the open cohort. Multivariate regression identified open fracture as an independent predictor of 90-day reoperation (OR: 20.6; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.022) and loss of mobility (OR: 5.1; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.011).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Despite having comorbidities and preinjury function similar to the closed geriatric ankle fracture cohort, open ankle fracture was independently predictive of greater loss of mobility. Nearly two-thirds of geriatric patients with open ankle fractures experienced a decline in functional independence, compared with 1 in 4 of those with closed fractures. Open fracture was associated with higher rates of deep infection, reoperation, and 1-year mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000002732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T05:04:12Z","timestamp":1701320652000},"page":"42-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Patient Characteristics and Outcomes of Geriatric Ankle Fractures: Open Fracture Is the Key Risk Factor for Complications and Functional Decline"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mathew","family":"Bowers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canhnghi","family":"Ta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC San Diego, San Diego, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv 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