{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T05:35:37Z","timestamp":1775626537598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To evaluate whether retention of antibiotic cement delivery devices after resolution of orthopaedic infection is associated with recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective cohort.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Academic medical center.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patient Selection Criteria:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with a fracture definitively treated with internal fixation that went on to unite and develop a confirmed fracture-related infection or osteomyelitis after a remote fracture surgery and had implantation of antibiotic-impregnated cement for infection management.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Outcome Measures and Comparisons:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients were divided into whom the antibiotic implants were retained (Retained Cohort) and whom the antibiotic implants were removed (Removed Cohort). Outcome measures included clinical infection resolution, infection recurrence, time to resolution of infection signs, symptoms and laboratory values, reoperation and readmission rates, and need for soft tissue coverage (local flap vs. free tissue transfer) because of recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of 98 patients treated for fracture-related infection in united fractures or osteomyelitis after a remote fracture surgery, 39 (39.8%) underwent implantation of antibiotic-impregnated cement delivery devices: 21 (21.4%) beads, 7 (7.1%) rods, and 11 (11.2%) blocks. Twenty patients (51.3%) comprised the Retained Cohort and 19 patients (48.7%) comprised the Removed Cohort. There were few differences in demographics ([American Society of Anesthesiology Score, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.026] and [diabetes, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.047]), infection location, and pathogenic profiles. The cohorts demonstrated no difference in eventual resolution of infection (100% in the Retained Cohort, 95% in the Removed Cohort, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.487) and experienced similar time to clinical infection resolution, based on signs, symptoms, and laboratory values (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.360). There was no difference in incidence of subsequent infection recurrence after clinical infection resolution (1 recurrence Retained vs. 2 recurrences Removed, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.605) for those considered \u201ccured.\u201d Compared with the Retained Cohort, the Removed Cohort underwent more reoperations (0.40 vs. 1.84 reoperations, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and admissions after implantation (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retention of antibiotic-impregnated cement delivery devices in patients with orthopaedic infection after fractured bones that have healed was not associated with infection recurrence. Additional surgical intervention with the sole purpose of removing antibiotic delivery devices may not be warranted.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000002771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T17:01:14Z","timestamp":1704992474000},"page":"190-195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Retention of Antibiotic Cement Delivery Implants in Orthopedic Infection Associated With United Fractures Does Not Increase Recurrence Risk"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Ganta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY; and"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Queens, NY."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Merrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjit R.","family":"Konda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY; and"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Queens, NY."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0341-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Egol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY; and"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Queens, NY."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e361","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002615","article-title":"Factors associated with the development of a confirmed fracture-related infection","volume":"37","author":"Solasz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R2-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-019-03287-4","article-title":"General treatment principles for fracture-related infection: recommendations from an international expert group","volume":"140","author":"Metsemakers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"R3-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.60B2.659478","article-title":"The release of gentamicin from polymethylmethacrylate beads. 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