{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T05:16:31Z","timestamp":1739596591316,"version":"3.37.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of intramedullary nailing combining with iliac or fibular autograft for the treatment of adult forearm nonunions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Two academic trauma referral centers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patient Selection Criteria:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Adult patients who sustained surgical treatment for forearm fracture (OTA\/AO 2R2-2U2) nonunion with intramedullary nailing and grafting from May 2005 to January 2023 were included.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Outcome Measures and Comparisons:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The primary outcome was to determine the bone union rates after nonunion surgery with intramedullary nail and grafting. Secondary outcomes were to assess functional scores including The Visual Analog Score; the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire; Grace\u2013Eversmann evaluation criteria.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study included 24 patients comprising 19 men and 5 women (7 radius, 14 ulna, 3 both bones) with an average age at the time of surgery of 40.5 \u00b1 11.2 years (range, 23\u201361 years) and union was achieved for 24 out of 27 bones (88.8%) in 22 out of 24 patients. The mean (average) preoperative and postoperative QuickDASH scores were found as 64.5 \u00b1 18.2 and 15.3 \u00b1 18.9, respectively. The functional improvement was found statistically significant (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The mean (average) preoperative and postoperative Visual Analog Score was found to be 7.2 \u00b1 2.1 and 1.52 \u00b1 1.5, respectively. The difference was found statistically significant (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Two cases of radius nonunion healed with 10 degrees and 15 degrees of angulation and shortening, while nonunion persisted in 2 patients. All remaining cases healed without deformity. Excellent to acceptable results were obtained for 83.3% of patients according to Grace\u2013Eversmann criteria.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUS\u0130ONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Intramedullary nailing with autologous grafting is a viable option for the treatment of adult forearm nonunions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000002944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T14:01:34Z","timestamp":1733752894000},"page":"120-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nonunion of Adult Forearm Fractures: Evaluation of Intramedullary Nailing With Grafting as a Treatment Option"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Tolga","family":"Onay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mesut","family":"Akkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Health Sciences University, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Dilek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmed Nuri","family":"T\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, G\u00f6ztepe S\u00fcleyman Yal\u00e7\u0131n City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuat","family":"Akp\u0131nar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2020.01.011","article-title":"Intramedullary nailing for treatment of forearm non-union: is it useful? 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