{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:15:29Z","timestamp":1787613329236,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative marijuana use and complications after tibia shaft fracture fixation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective cohort study<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting:<\/jats:title>\n Two academic Level I trauma centers<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patient Selection Criteria:<\/jats:title>\n Adults age \u226518 years who underwent tibia shaft fracture (OTA\/AO 42) fixation from 2014 to 2022 and had a minimum 3 months postoperative follow-up were included. Patients were considered marijuana users if they had current self-reported marijuana use or a urine toxicology screen positive for cannabinoids documented at initial presentation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Outcome Measures and Comparisons:<\/jats:title>\n Bivariate statistics and multivariate regression were used to evaluate the effect of marijuana use on 90-day postoperative thromboembolic and surgical complications, unplanned readmissions, and emergency department visits. Complications related to fracture union were evaluated in patients with \u22656 months follow-up. Multivariate analysis controlled for tobacco use, open fracture, and American Society of Anesthesiologist class \u22653.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 388 patients included in the study, the mean age was 37.6 years (range, 18\u201390), and most patients were men (66.5%). Ninety-six patients (25%) were identified as marijuana users. Marijuana users were significantly younger (30.5 years vs. 40 years,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and more likely to be men (79% vs. 62%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002) and use tobacco currently (73% vs. 31%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) than nonusers. Marijuana users experienced higher rates of 90-day surgical complications (11.5% vs. 4.8%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.030) and deep infection (8.3% vs. 2.1%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.008) than nonusers. No significant difference was observed between groups in the rates of thromboembolic complications, nonunion, or delayed union (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05). On multivariate analysis, marijuana use was not associated with odds of developing any 90-day surgical complication (odds ratios 2.01; 95% confidence intervals 0.83\u20134.84) or deep infection (odds ratios 2.97; 95% confidence interval 0.95\u20139.25).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Preoperative marijuana use was not found to be associated with risk of thromboembolic, surgical, or fracture union-related complications in patients undergoing tibia shaft fracture fixation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:<\/jats:title>\n Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000002945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T09:01:35Z","timestamp":1733734895000},"page":"137-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Marijuana Use and Complication Risk After Tibia Shaft Fracture Fixation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8224-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ridge","family":"Maxson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and"},{"name":"Division of Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 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