{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:51:33Z","timestamp":1767984693914,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n To investigate whether discharge between stages for lower extremity periarticular fracture surgery affected complication rates and hospital length of stay. It was hypothesized that patients discharged between stages experienced more complications and readmissions but shorter duration of hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting:<\/jats:title>\n Single academic Level 1 trauma center.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patient Selection Criteria:<\/jats:title>\n Patients with tibial plateau (AO\/OTA 41B\/C) and pilon (43B\/C) fractures treated in staged fashion were included.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Outcome Measures and Comparisons:<\/jats:title>\n Patients were grouped by whether they were discharged or remained admitted (hospitalized) between stages. Patient factors, total duration of stay, time between stages, and complications were evaluated and compared.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 102 patients were included in the study (mean age = 44.0 (range 14\u201375); 63.7% male). Of these, 28 were discharged between stages (mean age = 45.5 (range 17\u201375); 60.7% male), while 74 remained admitted (mean age = 43.4 (range 14\u201375); 64.9% male). There were no differences between the groups regarding age (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.548), sex (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.697), body mass index (30.8 vs. 30.5,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.839), homelessness (7.1% vs. 20.3%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.143), diabetes (3.6% vs. 12.2%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.278), smoking status (32.1% vs. 37.8%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.593), substance use (21.4% vs. 41.9%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.055), OTA\/AO classification (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.721), or Gustilo\u2013Anderson classification (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.452). The hospitalized group had a higher mean Injury Severity Score (12.6 vs. 6.6,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Discharged patients had higher rates of pin-site infection that occurred between stages (14.3% vs. 2.7%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.047), longer time between stages (17.5 vs. 10.8 days,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), and shorter combined total hospital length of stay (7.1 vs. 22.6 days,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). There was no difference in rates of nonunion (9.1% vs. 13.7%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.719), deep infection (18.2% vs. 25.9%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.566), superficial infection (9.1% vs. 3.4%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.303), and unplanned reoperation (36.4% vs. 36.2%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.000) between the groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Patients with tibial plateau and pilon fractures who were discharged home between external fixation and definitive fixation had more temporary pin-site infections and longer time between stages, but no increase in long-term complications and spent fewer total days in the hospital than patients who remained hospitalized between stages. The group of patients who remained hospitalized between stages had a higher mean injury severity score.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:<\/jats:title>\n Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000003113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:00:16Z","timestamp":1761746416000},"page":"e54-e58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is Discharging Patients After External Fixation and Between Stages During Periarticular Lower Extremity Fracture Care Safe?"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0370-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Tse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7793-1474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara Anna","family":"Giordani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanwar","family":"Parhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9783-3604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Frederickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6470-3336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Dallas-Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gillian L.","family":"Soles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1955-8667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augustine M.","family":"Saiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean T.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200411000-00001","article-title":"Complications associated with internal fixation of high-energy bicondylar tibial Plateau fractures utilizing a two-incision technique","volume":"18","author":"Barei","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R2-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2008.09.002","article-title":"Fractures of the tibial plafond","volume":"13","author":"Barei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"R3-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31817e49b8","article-title":"Early limited internal fixation of diaphyseal extensions in select pilon fractures: upgrading AO\/OTA type C fractures to AO\/OTA type B","volume":"22","author":"Dunbar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R4-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000728","article-title":"Does a staged posterior approach have a negative effect on OTA 43C fracture outcomes?","volume":"31","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R5-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200409001-00005","article-title":"A staged protocol for soft tissue management in the treatment of complex pilon fractures","volume":"18","author":"Sirkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R6-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001167","article-title":"Costs and complications of single-stage fixation versus 2-Stage treatment of select bicondylar tibial Plateau fractures","volume":"32","author":"Virkus","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R7-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002254","article-title":"External fixation characteristics drive cost of care for high-energy tibial Plateau fractures","volume":"36","author":"Albright","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R10-20260109","first-page":"e24.00279","article-title":"Comparing multipin clamps with outriggers with standard clamps for lower extremity periarticular external fixation: similar radiographic and clinical outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Tse","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R11-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001063","article-title":"Fracture and dislocation classification Compendium\u20142018","volume":"32","author":"Meinberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R12-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00004","article-title":"Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones","volume":"58","author":"Gustilo","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"R13-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00348","article-title":"The fallacy of follow-up: when orthopaedic trauma patients actually return to clinic","volume":"103","author":"Agel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R14-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000478","article-title":"Current opinions on fracture follow-Up: a survey of OTA members regarding standards of care and implications for clinical research","volume":"30","author":"Ricci","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000003113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:04:35Z","timestamp":1767967475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000003113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bot.0000000000003113","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-5339","1531-2291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-5339","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-2291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}