{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:06:26Z","timestamp":1789729586085,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10S","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nonunions with bone defects create technical challenges for fracture healing. All-internal bone transport with an intramedullary nail offers benefits over the other bone segment transport options including being simpler for the patients, avoiding the associated soft tissue issues that externally based implants or techniques and minimizing residual deformity by maintaining the anatomical axis along the intramedullary nail. This article reviews preoperative planning, technical tricks and specific techniques for internal bone transport, including the corticotomy, distraction, docking site and regenerate management, and the available literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000003249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:00:22Z","timestamp":1789729222000},"page":"S13-S18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transport Intramedullary Nail for Nonunion"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Brett D.","family":"Crist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.ST.17.00035","article-title":"Tibial bone transport over an intramedullary nail using cable and pulleys","volume":"8","author":"Bernstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"JBJS Essent Surg Tech"},{"key":"R2-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000003071","article-title":"Bone transport with balanced cable transport","volume":"39","author":"Quinnan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R3-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-021-03082-1","article-title":"Management of post-traumatic femoral defects with a monorail external fixator over an intramedullary nail","volume":"32","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"R4-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002121","article-title":"Use of a motorized intramedullary bone transport nail for trauma: tips, tricks, corticotomy techniques, and rate and rhythm","volume":"35","author":"Quinnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R5-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e294","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002513","article-title":"Tibial bone transport with a single implant all-internal bone transport nail","volume":"37","author":"Blair","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"R6-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.11.029","article-title":"Fracture nonunion in long bones: a literature review of risk factors and surgical management","volume":"52","author":"Nicholson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"R7-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199502000-00011","article-title":"Femoral torsion after interlocked nailing of unstable femoral fractures","volume":"38","author":"Tornetta","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R8-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-023-03654-3","article-title":"Retrograde intramedullary nailing of the femur: identifying the true anatomic axis for the ideal start point","volume":"34","author":"Kavolus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"R10-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-22-00243","article-title":"Updated blocking techniques for lower extremity medullary nailing: beyond the concavity of deformity","volume":"31","author":"DeBaun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"R11-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002123","article-title":"Plate-assisted bone segment transport versus precice bone transport nail","volume":"35","author":"Gardner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R12-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199207000-00007","article-title":"Corticotomy","volume":"280","author":"Schwartsman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R13-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1383-7","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis using a longitudinal corticotomy","volume":"36","author":"Al-Saati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"R14-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199404000-00004","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis. A comparison of corticotomy techniques","volume":"301","author":"Frierson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R15-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25829","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis in combined sequential use of external fixation and nailing (lengthening and then nailing): an experimental study in rabbits","volume":"42","author":"Shchepkina","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"R16-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-023-06062-8","article-title":"Docking site interventions following bone transport using external fixation: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"48","author":"Liodakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"R17-20260918","first-page":"e23.00144","article-title":"Effective compression and a minimally invasive rail plate to optimize bone transport in distraction osteogenesis: new concepts","volume":"9","author":"L\u00f3pez-Carre\u00f1o","year":"2024","journal-title":"JB JS Open Access"},{"key":"R18-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03335-w","article-title":"Complications of bone transport technique using the Ilizarov method in the lower extremity: a retrospective analysis of 282 consecutive cases over 10 years","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000003249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:00:24Z","timestamp":1789729224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000003249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10S","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bot.0000000000003249","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-5339","1531-2291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-5339","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-2291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}