{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T14:27:46Z","timestamp":1794580066683,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the clinical outcomes of open versus closed reduction methods for femoral neck fractures (FNFs) in young patients treated with fracture repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-six North American Level 1 trauma centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient Selection Criteria:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skeletally mature patients younger than 50 years with displaced FNFs (OTA\/AO type 31B) undergoing surgical repair and having minimum follow-up &gt;6 months, except in cases where major complications occurred earlier.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Open versus closed fracture reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measurements:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome of \u201cmajor complication\u201d was defined as nonunion\/failed fixation, osteonecrosis, malunion (vertical or femoral neck shortening of \u226515 mm), and\/or subsequent major reconstructive surgery was compared by reduction method using chi-squared tests and risk-adjusted binary mixed effects regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 290 patients with FNFs were included in the study, 107 treated with closed reduction (average follow-up 27.1 months [range, 4.1\u2013159.5 months]) and 183 treated with open reduction and (average follow-up 22.4 months [range, 3.7\u2013141.3 months],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.105). Sex distribution showed no difference between the groups, with 25.5% of the closed group, and 29.0% of the open cohort being female (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.615). Patients who received open reduction were younger than patients who received closed reductions (mean age 35.6 \u00b1 8.8 vs. 39.5 \u00b1 8.0 years,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and had fewer cases of cases of diabetes mellitus (2.2% vs. 8.6%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.027). Overall, adverse events were observed following 57.0% of closed reduction reductions versus 54.1% of open reductions (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.890). No differences were seen in the frequency of defined failure modes, including failed fixation\/nonunion (33.6% closed vs. 35.0% open,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.919), osteonecrosis (21.5% closed vs. 14.2% open,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.151), malunion (17.8% closed vs. 14.8% open,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.611), or major reconstructive surgery (33.6% closed vs. 36.6% open,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.702).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Open and closed reductions of FNFs in patients younger than 50 years were associated with similar rates of repair failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000003265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T12:01:03Z","timestamp":1787140863000},"page":"659-664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short- to Medium-Term Results of Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Patients Younger than 50 Years Undergoing Repair: Comparison of Open versus Closed Reduction"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Cory","family":"Collinge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harris Methodist Hospital Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine\/ USC, Los Angeles, CA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Finlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation to Implementation, Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George F.","family":"Lebus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Orthopedic Associates, Fort Worth, TX;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saam","family":"Morshed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Rodriguez-Buitrago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Santa Fe de Bogota, Bogota, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, 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