{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:44:51Z","timestamp":1792500291101,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0b013e31814d4dc6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,3]],"date-time":"2007-09-03T07:01:05Z","timestamp":1188802865000},"page":"557-570","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":277,"title":["Metabolic and Endocrine Abnormalities in Patients With Nonunions"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mark R","family":"Brinker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel P","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yomna T","family":"Monla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P","family":"Earthman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20210212","first-page":"401","article-title":"Enhancement of fracture healing.","volume":"45","author":"Einhorn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"R4-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.7.16.2215","article-title":"Medical therapy of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease: old and new drugs.","volume":"7","author":"de Francisco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"R5-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00866-9","article-title":"Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone resorption markers in vitamin D insufficiency.","volume":"31","author":"Jesudason","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"R6-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.12.031","article-title":"Bone resorption markers in vitamin D insufficiency.","volume":"368","author":"Need","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"R7-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B6.17524","article-title":"The role of growth factors and related agents in accelerating fracture healing.","volume":"88","author":"Simpson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R8-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1080\/00016470410004012","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-a drug for orthopedic surgery?","volume":"75","author":"Skripitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"R9-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199401000-00004","article-title":"Acceleration of tibial fracture-healing by non-invasive, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound.","volume":"76","author":"Heckman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R14-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2005.tb00006.x","article-title":"Correlation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity with the healing process of long bone fractures in dogs.","volume":"34","author":"Komnenou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R15-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070115","article-title":"Diminished bone formation during diabetic fracture healing is related to the premature resorption of cartilage associated with increased osteoclast activity.","volume":"22","author":"Kayal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"R16-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.537","article-title":"Influence of diabetic metabolic state on fracture healing in spontaneously diabetic rats.","volume":"21","author":"Follak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"R17-7-20210212","first-page":"473","article-title":"Delayed remodeling in the early period of fracture healing in spontaneously diabetic BB\/OK rats depending on the diabetic metabolic state.","volume":"19","author":"Follak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"R18-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200611000-00010","article-title":"Enhanced fracture and soft-tissue healing by means of anabolic dietary supplementation.","volume":"88","author":"Hughes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R19-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200101000-00009","article-title":"Reversal of the detrimental effects of chronic protein malnutrition on long bone fracture healing.","volume":"15","author":"Day","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R20-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1998.tb116014.x","article-title":"Hip fracture in elderly men: the importance of subclinical vitamin D deficiency and hypogonadism.","volume":"169","author":"Diamond","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"R21-7-20210212","first-page":"214","article-title":"Delayed fracture healing in primary hyperparathyroidism.","volume":"124","author":"Lancourt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R22-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197101000-00027","article-title":"Growth hormone in delayed fracture union.","volume":"74","author":"Misol","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R23-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1370240","article-title":"Increased fracture frequency in adult patients with hypopituitarism and GH deficiency.","volume":"137","author":"Rosen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"R24-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.02.009","article-title":"Biochemical markers of bone turnover are influenced by recently sustained fracture.","volume":"36","author":"Obrant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"R25-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070505","article-title":"The effect of fracture on bone turnover markers: a longitudinal study comparing marker levels before and after injury in 113 elderly women.","volume":"22","author":"Ivaska","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"R26-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-005-0990-9","article-title":"Changes in total alkaline phosphatase level after hip fracture: comparison between femoral neck and trochanter fractures.","volume":"11","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"R27-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-004-0537-8","article-title":"Fracture-induced changes in bone turnover: a potential confounder in the use of biochemical markers in osteoporosis.","volume":"23","author":"Akesson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"R28-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20263","article-title":"Smoking delays chondrogenesis in a mouse model of closed tibial fracture healing.","volume":"24","author":"El-Zawawy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"R29-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20187","article-title":"Tobacco extract but not nicotine impairs the mechanical strength of fracture healing in rats.","volume":"24","author":"Skott","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"R30-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2005.12.010","article-title":"Failure of surgery for scaphoid non-union is associated with smoking.","volume":"31","author":"Little","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"key":"R31-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200503000-00001","article-title":"Impact of smoking on fracture healing and risk of complications in limb-threatening open tibia fractures.","volume":"19","author":"Castillo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R32-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200501000-00004","article-title":"Differential effects of nicotine and smoke condensate on bone cell metabolic activity.","volume":"19","author":"Gullihorn","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R33-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200003000-00005","article-title":"Success of exchange reamed intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft nonunion or delayed union.","volume":"14","author":"Hak","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R34-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)00121-2","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and open tibial fractures.","volume":"32","author":"Adams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"R35-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000192039.21305.55","article-title":"Alcohol-induced bone loss and deficient bone repair.","volume":"29","author":"Chakkalakal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R36-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2005.08.001","article-title":"Inhibition of bone repair in a rat model for chronic and excessive alcohol consumption.","volume":"36","author":"Chakkalakal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"R37-7-20210212","first-page":"79","article-title":"Effects of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (rofecoxib) on bone healing.","volume":"35","author":"Leonelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthop"},{"key":"R38-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000184144.98071.5d","article-title":"A comparison between the effects of acetaminophen and celecoxib on bone fracture healing in rats.","volume":"19","author":"Bergenstock","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R39-7-20210212","first-page":"297","article-title":"Developmental aspects of fracture healing and the use of pharmacological agents to alter healing.","volume":"3","author":"Gerstenfeld","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"R40-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2005.08.004","article-title":"Pharmacologic agents in fracture healing.","volume":"25","author":"Koester","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"R41-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B5.0820655","article-title":"Nonunion of the femoral diaphysis. The influence of reaming and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.","volume":"82","author":"Giannoudis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R42-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb02698.x","article-title":"Does hypogonadism contribute to the occurrence of a minimal trauma hip fracture in elderly men?","volume":"39","author":"Stanley","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"R44-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.2.398","article-title":"The influence of growth hormone deficiency, growth hormone replacement therapy, and other aspects of hypopituitarism on fracture rate and bone mineral density.","volume":"16","author":"Wuster","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"R45-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4065\/81.3.353","article-title":"High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health.","volume":"81","author":"Holick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00005131-200709000-00007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T05:46:48Z","timestamp":1618033608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00005131-200709000-00007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bot.0b013e31814d4dc6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-5339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-5339","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}}}