{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:15:17Z","timestamp":1786119317968,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0b013e3181a87725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,19]],"date-time":"2009-08-19T03:13:15Z","timestamp":1250651595000},"page":"581-587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Locking Reconstruction Double Plating of Distal Humeral Fractures: How Many Screws in the Distal Ulnar Column Segment in A3 Fracture Provide Superior Stability? A Comparative Biomechanical In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Isabella","family":"Mehling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Schmidt-Horloh\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Peter","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Sternstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Korner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pol Maria","family":"Rommens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199412000-00003","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of methods of internal fixation of the distal humerus.","volume":"8","author":"Schemitsch","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R3-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198812000-00001","article-title":"Supracondylar fractures of the humerus-results of surgical treatment.","volume":"28","author":"Waddell","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R4-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198904000-00031","article-title":"Intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus. Surgical treatment and results.","volume":"241","author":"Letsch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R5-7-20210212","first-page":"237","article-title":"Biomechanical comparative study of three types of osteosynthesis in the treatment of supra and intercondylar fractures of the humerus in adults.","volume":"83","author":"Fornasieri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"R6-7-20210212","first-page":"327","article-title":"Proximal and distal humerus fractures in advanced age.","volume":"29","author":"Lill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"R7-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000131485.47685.8c","article-title":"Treatment of distal humerus fractures in the elderly.","volume":"425","author":"Hausman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R8-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B5.8083271","article-title":"Operative treatment of distal humeral fractures in the elderly.","volume":"76","author":"John","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R9-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2004.06.006","article-title":"Total elbow arthroplasty and distal humerus elbow fractures.","volume":"20","author":"Armstrong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R10-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1764-5","article-title":"Distal humerus fractures in elderly patients: results after open reduction and internal fixation.","volume":"16","author":"Korner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"R11-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007496318884","article-title":"Secular trends in the osteoporotic fractures of the distal humerus in elderly women.","volume":"14","author":"Palvanen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R12-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-198701010-00004","article-title":"Operative management of intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus.","volume":"1","author":"Henley","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R13-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(96)00076-9","article-title":"Intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus in adults.","volume":"27","author":"Gupta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"R14-7-20210212","first-page":"125","article-title":"The distal intraarticular humerus fracture. Diagnostics, surgical technique, results.","volume":"27","author":"Bauer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Akt Traumatologie"},{"key":"R15-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1007\/s001130050450","article-title":"The unstable elbow joint.","volume":"102","author":"Kolb","year":"1999","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"R17-7-20210212","first-page":"359","article-title":"Operative treatment of distal intra-articular humerus fractures: results of 412 follow-up cases (AO-collected statistics).","volume":"364","author":"Lob","year":"1984","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Chir"},{"key":"R18-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199211000-00016","article-title":"Mechanical failures of internal fixation in T and Y fractures of the distal humerus.","volume":"33","author":"Sodergard","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R19-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(95)93495-4","article-title":"Operative treatment of type C intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus: the role of stability achieved at surgery on final outcome.","volume":"26","author":"Papaioannou","year":"1995","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"R20-7-20210212","first-page":"167","article-title":"Elbow fractures in elderly patients.","volume":"3","author":"Kocher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Swiss Surg"},{"key":"R21-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199710000-00003","article-title":"Open reduction and internal fixation of the distal humerus: functional outcome in the elderly.","volume":"43","author":"Pereles","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R22-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(03)00070-1","article-title":"Management of the smashed distal humerus.","volume":"33","author":"ODriscoll","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"R23-7-20210212","first-page":"118","article-title":"Functional outcome following internal fixation of intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus (AO type C).","volume":"70","author":"Aslam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"R24-7-20210212","first-page":"123","article-title":"Functional evaluation of comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus (AO type C). Long term results in twenty-six patients.","volume":"70","author":"Tyllianakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"R25-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19920201-08","article-title":"Operative treatment of bicondylar intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus.","volume":"15","author":"Sanders","year":"1992","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"R26-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200707000-00017","article-title":"Surgical treatment of intra-articular fractures of the distal part of the humerus. Functional outcome after twelve to thirty years.","volume":"89","author":"Doornberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R27-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679209154857","article-title":"Postoperative complications of distal humeral fractures.","volume":"63","author":"Sodergard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"R28-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B3.2341427","article-title":"Fractures of the adult distal humerus. Elbow function after internal fixation.","volume":"72","author":"Holdsworth","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R29-7-20210212","first-page":"1170","article-title":"Revision surgery for non-union after early failure of fixation of fractures of the distal humerus.","volume":"87","author":"Ali","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R30-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199004030-00004","article-title":"Internal fixation of the distal humerus: a biomechanical comparison of methods.","volume":"4","author":"Helfet","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R31-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2002.119390","article-title":"Operative treatment of type C intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus: results after a mean follow-up of 2 years in a series of 18 patients.","volume":"11","author":"Pajarinen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R32-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000154010.43568.5b","article-title":"Fractures of the distal humerus in the elderly: is internal fixation the treatment of choice?","volume":"434","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R33-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.04.018","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of two different periarticular plating systems for stabilization of complex distal humerus fractures.","volume":"21","author":"Schwartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"R34-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(10)80002-3","article-title":"A comparison of double-plate fixation methods for complex distal humerus fractures.","volume":"4","author":"Self","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R35-7-20210212","first-page":"241","article-title":"Comparison of distal humerus fracture fixation: a biomechanical study.","volume":"6","author":"Jacobson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J South Orthop Assoc"},{"key":"R36-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.09.033","article-title":"Optimizing stability in distal humeral fracture fixation.","volume":"14","author":"ODriscoll","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R37-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(89)90227-3","article-title":"Physiological considerations of muscle force through the elbow joint.","volume":"22","author":"An","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"R38-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138507","article-title":"Determination of muscle and joint forces: a new technique to solve the indeterminate problem.","volume":"106","author":"An","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"R39-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200405000-00004","article-title":"A biomechanical evaluation of methods of distal humerus fracture fixation using locking compression plates versus conventional reconstruction plates.","volume":"18","author":"Korner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R41-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B7.0830974","article-title":"Total elbow replacement for complex fractures of the distal humerus. An option for the elderly patient.","volume":"83","author":"Gambirasio","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R42-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B6.0840812","article-title":"Complex fractures of the distal humerus in the elderly. The role of total elbow replacement as primary treatment.","volume":"84","author":"Garcia","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R43-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(02)00009-8","article-title":"Intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus in adults: a critical analysis of 55 cases.","volume":"33","author":"Gupta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"R44-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-006-0116-7","article-title":"Hinged external fixation and closed reduction for distal humerus fracture.","volume":"126","author":"Haasper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R45-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.09.022","article-title":"The LCP-concept in the operative treatment of distal humerus fractures-biological, biomechanical and surgical aspects.","volume":"34","author":"Korner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"R46-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318032c4d8","article-title":"Ilizarov treatment of infected nonunions of the distal humerus after failure of internal fixation: an outcomes study.","volume":"21","author":"Brinker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R47-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000177121.70367.3f","article-title":"Tricortical bone graft for primary reconstruction of comminuted distal humerus fractures.","volume":"19","author":"Giannoudis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R48-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000154058.20429.9C","article-title":"The results of open reduction and internal fixation in elderly patients with severe fractures of the distal humerus: a critical analysis of the results.","volume":"58","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R49-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.02.004","article-title":"Custom AO small T plate for transcondylar fractures of the distal humerus in the elderly.","volume":"14","author":"Imatani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R50-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200501000-00008","article-title":"An alternative method of osteosynthesis for distal humeral shaft fractures.","volume":"19","author":"Levy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R51-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000157908.45939.d7","article-title":"Management of distal humerus fractures with minifragment fixation.","volume":"19","author":"Russell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R52-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-006-1141-2","article-title":"Distal intraarticular humerus fractures in elderly patients. Treatment with combined percutaneous screw fixation and an external fixator.","volume":"109","author":"Walz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"R53-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200302000-00008","article-title":"Articular fractures of the distal part of the humerus.","volume":"85","author":"Ring","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R54-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(01)00127-9","article-title":"Locking compression plate (LCP). An osteosynthesis plate based on the dynamic compression plate and the point contact fixator (PC-Fix).","volume":"32","author":"Frigg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"R55-7-20210212","first-page":"961","article-title":"Complex distal humeral fractures: internal fixation with a principle-based parallel-plate technique.","volume":"89","author":"Sanchez-Sotelo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R56-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.09.024","article-title":"First clinical results of the locking compression plate (LCP).","volume":"34","author":"Sommer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"R57-7-20210212","first-page":"271","article-title":"New concepts for bone fracture treatment and the locking compression plate.","volume":"12","author":"Wagner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"key":"R58-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200409000-00003","article-title":"Biomechanics of locked plates and screws.","volume":"18","author":"Egol","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R59-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000157909.30692.8c","article-title":"Interference Kirschner wires augment distal humeral fracture fixation in the elderly.","volume":"19","author":"Molloy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"R60-7-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70131-0","article-title":"Fractures of the distal humerus.","volume":"31","author":"Ring","year":"2000","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181a87725","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:00:50Z","timestamp":1786039250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005131-200909000-00007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bot.0b013e3181a87725","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-5339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-5339","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}}}