{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:50:54Z","timestamp":1775814654186,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comparative measurement design investigating the C4\u2013Th1 intervertebral foramen under simulated clinical tests for cervical radiculopathy using magnetic resonance imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate functional changes in the cervical intervertebral foramen during the axial compression test (ACT), axial distraction test (DT), and Spurling test (SST).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary of Background Data.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although alterations of the cross-sectional area of the cervical intervertebral foramen during flexion\/extension and rotation have been reported, there are no studies that have measured functional changes in foramen cross-sectional area (FCSA) or shape during the simulation of clinical tests for cervical radiculopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>23 participants (12 men, age: 24.52 years) without history of significant spinal disorders were studied. The 3-dimensional sequence of the magnetic resonance imaging of the foramen was performed with a 0.2-T horizontally open unit. Measurements were taken of FCSA and foramen shape (ratio of foramen height to FCSA). These measurements were conducted under 4 different conditions; control\u2013resting in supine, DT\u2013neck in neutral with a 12 kg distraction force, ACT\u2013neck in neutral with a 7 kg axial compression force, SST\u2013the cervical spine was extended (12.79\u00b0), rotated (63.36\u00b0), and laterally flexed (28.49\u00b0), in a standardized manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At all levels except for C7\u2013Th1, the FCSA significantly increased (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) during the DT to around 120% of control. In contrast, FCSA significantly decreased to approximately 70% of control (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) at all levels during the SST. In addition, there were significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05) in foramen shape between the ACT and SST condition, but only at the C4\u2013C5 and C5\u2013C6 levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During 3 clinical tests for cervical radiculopathy functional, relevant, and changes in the cervical intervertebral foramen were evident particularly in the middle cervical spine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e3181a9c304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,10]],"date-time":"2009-07-10T03:32:23Z","timestamp":1247196743000},"page":"1658-1662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Influence of Cervical 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