{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:05:32Z","timestamp":1785769532886,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the period prevalence and predisposing factors in thoracolumbar kyphosis progression (TLK).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary of Background Data.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TLK is a common presentation in children with achondroplasia. This condition occurs very early in life; it is observed during the first attempts to sit, and has multifactorial etiology. Studies are limited on the radiologic assessment of the angle of wedging of the deformed vertebra, but none to our knowledge on TLK progression in achondroplasia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The records of 48 of 103 children with achondroplasia seen between 1997 and 2005 were examined. Developmental motor delay (DMD) and other potential predictors of TLK were assessed. The criteria for DMD were a child\u2019s inability to sit without support by 6 months and an inability to walk independently by 15 months. Lateral radiographs were examined for the magnitude of TLK, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, percentage of apical vertebral wedging for the height and width of the vertebra, and apical vertebral translation. The association between TLK progression and potential predisposing factors were assessed using \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test, Fisher exact,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, and binomial regression model for predictor identification.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The period prevalence of TLK progression in children with achondroplasia was 35.4%. TLK progression was significantly related to DMD, risk ratio = 2.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.10 to 5.58, apical vertebral translation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01), and percentage apical vertebral wedging for height (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01). After adjustment for relevant covariates, the relationship between DMD and TLK progression persisted, risk ratio = 2.65, 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 5.91.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DMD was significantly associated with TLK progression and other radiologic parameters namely, initial TLK of &gt;25\u00b0, percentage of apical vertebral wedging for the height of the vertebra, and apical vertebral translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e3181ac8f9d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,10]],"date-time":"2009-07-10T03:32:23Z","timestamp":1247196743000},"page":"1699-1705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Factors Related to Progression of Thoracolumbar Kyphosis in Children With Achondroplasia"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Battugs","family":"Borkhuu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Durga K.","family":"Nagaraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-11-20260410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14291.x","article-title":"Common mutations in the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 account for achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, and thanatophoric dysplasia.","volume":"417","author":"Bonaventure","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Suppl"},{"key":"R2-11-20260410","first-page":"257","article-title":"Surgical treatment of kyphosis in achondroplasia.","volume":"48","author":"Tolo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Basic Life Sci"},{"key":"R3-11-20260410","first-page":"241","article-title":"Thoracolumbar kyphosis and lumbosacral hyperlordosis in achondroplastic children.","volume":"48","author":"Kopits","year":"1988","journal-title":"Basic Life Sci"},{"key":"R4-11-20260410","first-page":"219","article-title":"Anatomy of the lumbar spinal canal.","volume":"48","author":"Lonstein","year":"1988","journal-title":"Basic Life Sci"},{"key":"R5-11-20260410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199711000-00006","article-title":"Prevention of fixed, angular kyphosis in achondroplasia.","volume":"17","author":"Pauli","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"R6-11-20260410","first-page":"283","article-title":"Treatment of kyphosis and lumbar stenosis in achondroplasia.","volume":"48","author":"Lonstein","year":"1988","journal-title":"Basic Life Sci"},{"key":"R7-11-20260410","first-page":"1028","article-title":"Spinal stenosis in achondroplasia.","volume":"65","author":"Nelson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"R8-11-20260410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2003.14.1.5","article-title":"Thoracolumbar spinal deformity in achondroplasia.","volume":"14","author":"Misra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"R9-11-20260410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.110.3.618","article-title":"Normal values of the vertebral body and intervertebral disk index during growth.","volume":"110","author":"Brandner","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"key":"R10-11-20260410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320090105","article-title":"Developmental screening tests in achondroplastic children.","volume":"9","author":"Todorov","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"}],"container-title":["Spine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00007632-200907150-00011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:15:16Z","timestamp":1785766516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00007632-200907150-00011"}},"subtitle":["A Retrospective Cohort Study of Forty-Eight Children Treated in a Comprehensive Orthopaedic Center"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,15]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0b013e3181ac8f9d","relation":{},"ISSN":["0362-2436"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0362-2436","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,15]]}}}