{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:19:10Z","timestamp":1786119550380,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]]},"abstract":"\n Study Design.<\/jats:title>\n Morphometic analysis of the thoracic and lumbar pedicle, vertebral body, and spinal canal in the normal infantile and juvenile patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective.<\/jats:title>\n \n To 3-dimensionally characterize the growth of the vertebral column\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n and define the accurate dynamic growth rate of the normal immature spine.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Summary of Background Data.<\/jats:title>\n There is a relationship between growth of the spine and the development of spinal deformity. Currently available information regarding vertebral column growth is remarkably limited and poorly defined. The detailed morphologic research is needed to obtain accurate data with regard to growth of the vertebra, including coronal, sagittal, and axial growth information for normal states.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods.<\/jats:title>\n A total of 34 pediatric patients with a normal straight spine who had MRI from thoracic vertebra 1 to lumbar vertebra 5 were assigned to 3 groups: infantile group (n\u200a=\u200a11), 0 to 3 years of age; juvenile-young group (n\u200a=\u200a16), 4 to 7 years of age; and juvenile-old group (n\u200a=\u200a7), 8 to 10 years of age. True transverse and midsagittal MRI images were used for pedicle (width and length), vertebral body (height, depth and width), and spinal canal area measurements.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results.<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean increase of the pedicle width and length was 0.7\u200amm (16%) and 3.2\u200amm (18%) from the infantile to the juvenile-young, and was 0.9\u200amm (15%) and 2.2\u200amm (11%) through the juvenile-old group. The mean increase of the vertebra body width, depth, and height were 3.6\u200amm (15%), 4.5\u200amm (27%), and 3.1\u200amm (27%), respectively, from the infantile to the juvenile-young, and were 2.9\u200amm (10%), 1.9\u200amm (9%) and 2.1\u200amm (15%), respectively, through the juvenile-old group. The mean increase of the spinal canal area was 41 mm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n (19%) from the infantile to the juvenile-young and was only 1.8 mm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n (0.7%) through the juvenile-old group.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n \n The current study established the growth of the pedicle, spinal canal, and vertebral body\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n in a sample of normal pediatric subjects. The vertebral growth rate in the infantile and the juvenile-young period was significantly greater than that in the juvenile-old period. Spinal canal growth is associated with the growth of the pedicle width and has little growth after the juvenile-young period. Pedicle screw fixation would be unlikely to influence the size of the spinal canal after the early juvenile period, but may disturb the pedicle growth in length.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e3181c80ec5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,27]],"date-time":"2010-05-27T05:29:39Z","timestamp":1274938179000},"page":"133-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Morphometric Analysis of Vertebral Growth Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Normal Skeletally Immature Spine"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Sucato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Nurenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"McClung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"(suppl 17)","key":"R1-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000175190.08134.73","article-title":"Dual growing rod technique for the treatment of progressive early-onset scoliosis","volume":"30","author":"Akbarnia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"(suppl 1)","key":"R2-20240205","first-page":"8","article-title":"Growth considerations of the immature spine","volume":"89","author":"Sarwark","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R3-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00124","article-title":"Skeletal age assessment from the olecranon for idiopathic scoliosis at riser grade 0","volume":"89","author":"Charles","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R4-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000229230.68870.97","article-title":"Progression risk of idiopathic juvenile scoliosis during pubertal growth","volume":"31","author":"Charles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R5-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678308992896","article-title":"Scoliosis and growth: patterns of asymmetry in normal vertebral growth","volume":"54","author":"Taylor","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"R6-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E145","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000120507.36611.8D","article-title":"Using magnetic resonance imaging to characterize pedicle asymmetry in both normal patients and patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"29","author":"Rajwani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R7-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b790a0","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of neurocentral synchondrosis using magnetic resonance imaging in the normal skeletally immature spine","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R8-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011010-00003","article-title":"Pedicle morphology of the immature thoracolumbar spine","volume":"25","author":"Zindrick","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R9-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000164136.95885.e7","article-title":"The effect of pedicle screw placement with or without application of compression across the neurocentral cartilage on the morphology of the spinal canal and pedicle in immature pigs","volume":"30","author":"Cil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R10-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01493","article-title":"Unilateral pedicle screw epiphysiodesis of the neurocentral synchondrosis. 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