{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T11:51:03Z","timestamp":1751370663131},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"\n Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n An experimental assessment of the impact of spinal stabilization on metastasis growth using a rabbit model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the influence of spinal stabilization on the growth of metastatic spinal tumors in rabbits using a novel method of spinal fusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Summary of Background Data:<\/jats:title>\n For spinal metastasis patients, gait disturbances caused by back pain or paraplegia correlates with their prognosis. Palliative surgeries are good options for some patients; however, the appropriate timing and method of spinal surgery remains controversial.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The biomechanical properties of a novel spinal fixation model with a locking plating system were first examined on the L2\u2013L4 fixed vertebrae of 18 Japanese white rabbits. Biomechanical and radiographic examinations were performed at 0, 4, and 8 weeks as compared with controls. After this, another 31 rabbits were then inoculated with VX2 carcinoma cells into the L3 vertebral body and divided into fixation (N=16) and sham (N=15) groups to assess the impact of spinal stabilization on tumor growth. The time to paraplegia, and tumor cell growth and proliferation were evaluated by rabbit behavior, computed tomography, myelogram, and cell proliferation marker (MIB-1 index).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n In the biomechanical loading test, fixed segments showed one eighth of the range of motion and 15 times bending stiffness as compared with controls at each timepoint. No pathologic fractures were observed in the rabbits inoculated with VX2 carcinoma cells before paraplegia, and there was no difference in the time to paraplegia between the fixation and sham groups (26.7 and 28 d, respectively). Similarly, no differences were observed in osteolytic area expansion or tumor cell proliferation (MIB-1 index; 38.1% and 38.0%, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Our locking plate fixation of rabbit spines exhibited sufficient biomechanical properties. Spinal fixation had little influence on the growth of the aggressive carcinoma and the time to paraplegia. However, further investigation is needed to determine the influence of spinal stabilization on slow-growing tumors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0b013e3182693f56","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,20]],"date-time":"2012-07-20T19:17:56Z","timestamp":1342811876000},"page":"E215-E221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Spinal Fixation in Rabbits With Metastatic Tumor Using a Novel Spinal Fusion Model"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetomi","family":"Terai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomiya","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Okabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, Nagano, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinobu","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11039","article-title":"Clinical outcome and survival after palliative surgery for spinal metastases: palliative surgery in spinal metastases","volume":"97","author":"Hirabayashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R2-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.06.036","article-title":"Prognostic factors predicting functional outcomes, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival after radiotherapy for metastatic spinal cord compression in breast cancer patients","volume":"64","author":"Rades","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"R3-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S202","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0609-9","article-title":"Spinal metastasis in the elderly","volume":"12","author":"Aebi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"R4-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199011010-00005","article-title":"Scoring system for the preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis","volume":"15","author":"Tokuhashi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R5-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200102010-00016","article-title":"Surgical strategy for spinal metastases","volume":"26","author":"Tomita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R6-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1215\/S1152851704000262","article-title":"A meta-analysis of surgery versus conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of metastatic spinal epidural disease","volume":"7","author":"Klimo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"R7-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66954-1","article-title":"Direct decompressive surgical resection in the treatment of spinal cord compression caused by metastatic cancer: a randomised trial","volume":"366","author":"Patchell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R8-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1995.13.9.2330","article-title":"Surgical treatment of spinal cord compression from epidural metastasis","volume":"13","author":"Sundaresan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R9-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3322\/CA.2007.0016","article-title":"Spinal extradural metastasis: review of current treatment options","volume":"58","author":"Bartels","year":"2008","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"R10-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181913f19","article-title":"Outcome of treatment for spinal metastases using scoring system for preoperative evaluation of prognosis","volume":"34","author":"Tokuhashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R11-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2009.06.016","article-title":"The value of palliative surgery for metastatic spinal disease: satisfaction of patients and their families","volume":"10","author":"Fujibayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"R12-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000299385","article-title":"Outcome of surgical treatment for metastatic vertebra bone tumor in advanced lung cancer","volume":"3","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol"},{"key":"R13-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000166683.67906.B7","article-title":"A novel intravertebral tumor model in rabbits","volume":"57","author":"Amundson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"R14-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318154c5b6","article-title":"Enhancing effects of a prostaglandin EP4 receptor agonist on recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 mediated spine fusion in a rabbit model","volume":"32","author":"Namikawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R15-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198909000-00003","article-title":"Volvo Award in basic science. Device-related osteoporosis with spinal instrumentation","volume":"14","author":"McAfee","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R16-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199310000-00023","article-title":"The effect of a stiff spinal implant and its loosening on bone mineral content in canines","volume":"18","author":"Dalenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R17-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199408000-00003","article-title":"The effects of implant stiffness on the bypassed bone mineral density and facet fusion stiffness of the canine spine","volume":"19","author":"Craven","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R18-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199610150-00012","article-title":"Vertebral body osteopenia associated with posterolateral spine fusion in humans","volume":"21","author":"Myers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R19-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1106","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e1a275","article-title":"Bone mineral densities of the vertebral body and intertransverse fusion mass after instrumented intertransverse process fusion","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R20-20230831","first-page":"1537","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy in bone pathology: review of methods, potential and applications","volume":"(Pt 4)","author":"Boyde","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scan Electron Microsc"},{"key":"R21-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00666208","article-title":"Osteolytic bone metastasis in breast cancer","volume":"32","author":"Yoneda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"R22-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B1.0780014","article-title":"The effect of methotrexate-loaded bone cement on local destruction by the VX2 tumour","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R23-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.55.1.246-250.1985","article-title":"Two Shope papillomavirus-associated VX2 carcinoma cell lines with different levels of keratinocyte differentiation and transplantability","volume":"55","author":"Georges","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R24-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02719464","article-title":"A new method for establishing an intrapulmonary tumor in the rabbit","volume":"51","author":"Shomura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"R25-20230831","first-page":"1351","article-title":"18F-FDG small-animal PET for monitoring the therapeutic effect of CT-guided radiofrequency ablation on implanted VX2 lung tumors in rabbits","volume":"47","author":"Okuma","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"R26-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i24.3333","article-title":"Establishing models of portal vein occlusion and evaluating value of multi-slice CT in hepatic VX2 tumor in rabbits","volume":"13","author":"Qi","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R27-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.06.006","article-title":"Experimental study of paraplegia caused by spinal tumors: an animal model of spinal tumors created by transplantation of VX2 carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Takahashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"R28-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0781-6","article-title":"Absorbable self-reinforced polylactide (SR-PLLA) rods vs rigid rods (K-wire) in spinal fusion: an experimental study in rabbits","volume":"14","author":"Bezer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"R29-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199507150-00003","article-title":"Biologic and biomechanic evaluation of posterior lumbar fusion in the rabbit. The effect of fixation rigidity","volume":"20","author":"Feighan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R30-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200004000-00035","article-title":"Analysis of posterior spinal wiring in a validated rabbit model","volume":"373","author":"Jackson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R31-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-003-0673-3","article-title":"Effects of anterior lumbar spinal fusion on the distribution of nerve endings and mechanoreceptors in the rabbit facet joint: quantitative histological analysis","volume":"8","author":"Onodera","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"R32-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(200003)182:3<311::AID-JCP1>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"The Ki-67 protein: from the known and the unknown","volume":"182","author":"Scholzen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"R33-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2002.01343.x","article-title":"Ki67 protein: the immaculate deception","volume":"40","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Histopathology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Spine Surgery: A Spine Publication"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01933606-201605000-00016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T18:20:39Z","timestamp":1693506039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01933606-201605000-00016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bsd.0b013e3182693f56","relation":{},"ISSN":["2380-0186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2380-0186","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}}}