{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:50:57Z","timestamp":1792691457437,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"\n Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n The degrees of osteoarthritis of the left and right facet joints were evaluated by using computerized tomography among elderly patients with low back or leg pain.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To reveal the phenomenon of asymmetry regarding facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) in old patients and establish its relationships to spinal level, facet orientation, facet tropism and ligamentum flavum (LF) thickening.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Summary of Background Data:<\/jats:title>\n There were few reports regarding left-right asymmetry among severity of FJOA and its relationships to spinal level, facet orientation, facet tropism, and LF thickening remained unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The grade of bilateral FJOA was evaluated using 4-grade scale on computerized tomography images at the L3\u20134, L4\u20135, and L5\u2013S1 levels of patients with age ranging from 60 to 80 years. All subjects were divided into 2 groups: symmetric FJOA group (FJOA I\u2013II on both sides or FJOA III\u2013IV on both sides) and asymmetric FJOA group (FJOA I\u2013II on one side and FJOA III\u2013IV on the other side). The relationships of FJOA to spinal level, facet orientation, facet tropism, and LF hypertrophy were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n No association between asymmetric FJOA and spinal level was noted (P<\/jats:italic>>0.05). In asymmetric FJOA group, significant difference in facet orientation between 2 sides was observed at the L4\u20135 (P<\/jats:italic>=0.018) and L5\u2013S1 levels (P<\/jats:italic>=0.033). Compared with symmetric FJOA, asymmetric FJOA showed significant difference in prevalence of facet tropism at the L5\u2013S1 level (P<\/jats:italic><0.001). The LF showed significantly thicker on the side of FJOA III\u2013IV than the side of FJOA I\u2013II at each level in asymmetric FJOA group (P<\/jats:italic><0.05). However, no difference was found in thickness between 2 sides in symmetric FJOA group (P<\/jats:italic>>0.05).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Asymmetric FJOA is associated with facet orientation and tropism, but not with spinal level. There is a close relationship between severity of FJOA and LF thickness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0b013e31827ad875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,17]],"date-time":"2012-11-17T08:18:14Z","timestamp":1353140294000},"page":"394-398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Asymmetric Facet Joint Osteoarthritis and Its Relationships to Facet Orientation, Facet Tropism, and Ligamentum Flavum Thickening"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Hai-xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic 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