{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T21:06:18Z","timestamp":1792357578128,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"\n Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this study was to determine the fusion rate and evaluate the complications associated with the application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in posterior cervical fusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Summary of Background Data:<\/jats:title>\n The rates of fusion and complications associated with the use of rhBMP-2 in posterior cervical fusion is unclear, though recent work has shown up to a 100% fusion rate.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n We independently reviewed consecutive series of patients who underwent posterior cervical, occipitocervical, or cervicothoracic instrumented fusion augmented with rhBMP-2. Two surgeons at a tertiary-referral, academic medical center performed all operations, and each patient had a minimum of 2-year follow-up. Fusion status was determined by bony bridging on computed tomography scans, absence of radiolucency around instrumentation, and absence of motion on lateral flexion\/extension radiographs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Fifty-seven patients with a mean age of 56.7\u00b113.2 years and mean follow-up of 37.7\u00b120.6 months were analyzed. Forty-eight patients (84.2%) had undergone previous cervical surgery, and 42.1% had a preexisting nonunion. Constructs spanned 5.6\u00b12.6 levels; 19.3% involved the occiput, whereas 61.4% crossed the cervicothoracic junction. The mean rhBMP-2 dose was 21.1\u00b18.7 mg per operation. Iliac crest autograft was used for 29.8% of patients. Six patients (10.5%) experienced nonunion; only 2 required revision. In each case of nonunion, instrumentation crossed the occipitocervical or cervicothoracic junction. However, none of the analyzed variables was statistically associated with nonunion. Fourteen patients (24.6%) suffered complications, with 7 requiring additional surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The observed fusion rate of rhBMP-2\u2013augmented posterior cervical, occipitocervical, and cervicothoracic fusions was 89.5%. This reflects the complicated nature of the patients included in the current study and demonstrates that rhBMP-2 cannot always overcome the biomechanical challenges entailed in spanning the occipitocervical or cervicothoracic junction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0b013e318286fa7e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,2]],"date-time":"2013-02-02T09:47:09Z","timestamp":1359798429000},"page":"E276-E281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Posterior Cervical Fusion With Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Ian G.","family":"Dorward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob M.","family":"Buchowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey E.","family":"Stoker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas P.","family":"Zebala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2001.10.4.8","article-title":"Posterior fusion of the subaxial cervical spine: indications and techniques","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"R2-20230831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.07.003","article-title":"Treatment of anterior cervical pseudoarthrosis: posterior fusion versus 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Follow-Up"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bsd.0b013e318286fa7e","relation":{},"ISSN":["2380-0186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2380-0186","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}}}