{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T16:31:41Z","timestamp":1747067501820},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital thumb hypoplasia is a rare deformity of the upper extremity. The classification of thumb hypoplasia was created by Blauth in 1967 (types I to V). The base of the first metacarpal bone is absent for hypoplasia types IIIb to V, therefore, toe-to-hand transplantation is not recommended. A stable first carpometacarpal joint has been considered a mandatory factor for a successful toe-to-hand transplantation. The aim of this study is to describe a new technique for thumb reconstruction with the second toe transfer and metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis, which can provide a five-digit hand and restore thumb functionality for thumb hypoplasia IIIb to V. We performed second toe-to-hand transplantation with MTPJ arthrodesis for 3 pediatric patients (mean age, 69\u2009mo) with congenital thumb hypoplasia IIIb (n=2), grade V (n=1). Long-term follow-up evaluated the functions and esthetics of the hands for grade IIIb patients (n=2). We believe the second toe transfer with MTPJ arthrodesis transplantation is a promising method for reconstructing a full-length congenital or traumatic thumb absence for the pediatric population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/bth.0000000000000266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T10:03:09Z","timestamp":1567677789000},"page":"13-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Second Toe-to-Hand Transfer for Full-length Thumb Reconstruction in Congenital Thumb\u2019s Grade IIIb to V Hypoplasia: MTPJ Arthrodesis Instead of Tendon Rebalansing"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Dzintars","family":"Ozols","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Microsurgery Centre of Latvia, Riga East University Hospital"},{"name":"Riga Stradins University"},{"name":"Children Clinical University Hospital, Riga, 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