{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:29:03Z","timestamp":1792121343343,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peripheral motor nerve transfer surgery is a technique that may be used to restore motor function to paralyzed muscles. Motor nerve transfer involves harvesting an expendable motor nerve branch, and transfer to the motor branch of the denervated target muscle, using microsurgical coaptation. To date, a standardized rehabilitation protocol does not exist. The 6 stages of rehabilitation after motor nerve transfer surgery were outlined by colleagues in the Birmingham Peripheral Nerve Injury service in 2019. This article aims to provide a practical therapy perspective on the rehabilitation stages of motor nerve transfer surgery outlined in that paper, focusing on the radial to axillary nerve transfer. Timeframes for each stage along with exercise prescription and rationale are provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/bth.0000000000000450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T12:00:12Z","timestamp":1692964812000},"page":"2-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rehabilitation Following a Triceps Branch to Axillary Motor Nerve Transfer\u2014A Pragmatic Therapy Guide"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Joel","family":"O\u2019Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Upper Limb Therapy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Jeffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Upper Limb Therapy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Upper Limb Therapy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4103\/jmsr.jmsr_79_18","article-title":"The stages of rehabilitation following motor nerve transfer surgery","volume":"3","author":"Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Surg Res"},{"key":"R2-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4103\/jmsr.jmsr_95_18","article-title":"Adolf Stoffel and the development of peripheral neurosurgical reconstruction for the management of paralysis: one hundred years of nerve transfer surgery","volume":"3","author":"Nassimizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Surg Res"},{"key":"R3-20250512","first-page":"22","article-title":"Somsak\u2019s procedure: a review","volume":"3","author":"Agrawal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Peripheral Nerve Surg"},{"key":"R4-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(03)00199-0","article-title":"Nerve transfer to deltoid muscle using the nerve to the long head of the triceps, part II: a report of 7 cases","volume":"28","author":"Leechavengvongs","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"R5-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3096","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003096","article-title":"Radial to axillary nerve transfer outcomes in shoulder abduction: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Wells","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"R6-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4103\/jmsr.jmsr_92_18","article-title":"The evolution of nerve transfer restoration of shoulder function","volume":"3","author":"Power","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Surg Res"},{"key":"R7-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2015.12.014","article-title":"Donor activation focused rehabilitation approach: maximizing outcomes after nerve transfers","volume":"32","author":"Kahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"R8-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2008.04.005","article-title":"Cortical plasticity following nerve transfer in the upper extremity","volume":"24","author":"Anastakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"R9-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3138\/physio.62.3.190","article-title":"Neuropathic pain in patients with upper-extremity nerve injury","volume":"62","author":"Novak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"key":"R10-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.2.0261","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging and control over the biceps muscle after intercostal\u2014musculocutaneous nerve transfer","volume":"98","author":"Malessy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R11-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.02.005","article-title":"The different role of each head of the triceps brachii muscle in elbow extension","volume":"52","author":"Kholinne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"R13-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.12.115","article-title":"The power of simulation: imagining one\u2019s own and other\u2019s behavior","volume":"1079","author":"Decety","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"R14-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.02.020","article-title":"Mirrored, imagined and executed movements differentially activate sensorimotor cortex in amputees with and without phantom limb pain","volume":"149","author":"Diers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R15-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.85","article-title":"Physiotherapy rehabilitation in patients with massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears","volume":"4","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal Care"},{"key":"R16-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.04.006","article-title":"The effect of limb support on muscle activation during shoulder exercises","volume":"13","author":"Wise","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R17-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2022.02.005","article-title":"A systematic review on the effectiveness of perturbation-based balance training in postural control and gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"116","author":"Coelho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"}],"container-title":["Techniques in Hand &amp; Upper Extremity Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000450","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T16:11:30Z","timestamp":1747066290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bth.0000000000000450","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-6572"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-6572","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]}}}