{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T21:00:46Z","timestamp":1771621246594,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Delayed tendon injury has been historically treated with several techniques, including staged tendon graft and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) transfers from neighboring rays. Nevertheless, the use of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) hemi-tendon from neighboring fingers may provide the same results with less donor site morbidity. This article aims to present the safety and effectiveness of the fourth FDS hemi-tendon transfer technique to treat zone I-5th FDP injuries on cadaver specimens, and to describe its\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    application. In 4 fresh-frozen forearms, the fifth FDP was cut at zone I. All the fourth and fifth finger pulleys, except for A2 and A4, were incised. The fourth FDS ulnar hemi-tendon was harvested, passed through the A2 and A4 pulleys of the fifth finger, and sutured to the distal fifth FDP stump. To test finger flexion after tenorrhaphy, FDS and FDP tendons were pulled at wrist level, along the forearm axis, with a dynamometer. In all specimens, a complete flexion of fingers was obtained after FDS and combined FDS-FDP traction. The technique was applied\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    for a staged reconstruction in a 35-year-old patient, resulting in good active and passive finger range of motion, a tip-to-palm distance of 0\u00a0mm, and no complications, bowstringing, or quadriga effect at 1-year follow-up. These cadaveric study and case report confirm that the fourth FDS ulnar hemi-tendon transfer is safe and effective in treating zone I fifth FDP delayed injuries, both during single and staged reconstructions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/bth.0000000000000545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T16:02:13Z","timestamp":1765814533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ring Finger Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Hemi-Tendon Transfer for Fifth Finger Flexor Digitorum Profundus Reconstruction Technique: Preliminary Cadaveric Study and Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5719-0739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Morelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST Nord Milano, P.O. Edoardo Bassini, SC Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Cinisello Balsamo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Susini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Multimedica, Ospedale San Giuseppe, UOC Chirurgia della Mano"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Crosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, Ospedale CTO, SSD Microchirurgia Ortopedico Traumatologica, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"De Santis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST Gaetano Pini \u2013 CTO, Milan \u2013 Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery Department, Milano"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Cecconato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST Gaetano Pini \u2013 CTO, Milan \u2013 Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery Department, Milano"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1349-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Tos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST Gaetano Pini \u2013 CTO, Milan \u2013 Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery Department, Milano"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80174-5","article-title":"A regional audit of hand and wrist injuries. A study of 4873 injuries","volume":"23","author":"Hill","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"key":"R2-20260220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2013.02.006","article-title":"Tendon reconstruction with adjacent finger hand tendon","volume":"29","author":"Sita-Alb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"R3-20260220","first-page":"281","article-title":"Tenolysis rate after zone 2 flexor tendon repairs","volume":"31","author":"Civan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jt Dis Relat Surg"},{"key":"R4-20260220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193410366364","article-title":"FDP to FDP hemi-tendon transfer\u2013a new technique for delayed repair of the flexor digitorum profundus in zones I and II of the finger","volume":"35","author":"Durand","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"R5-20260220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2019.02.003","article-title":"Flexor tendon injuries","volume":"46","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"R6-20260220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.04.012","article-title":"Strong digital flexor tendon repair, extension-flexion test, and early active flexion: experience in 300 tendons","volume":"33","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"R7-20260220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153050-00001","article-title":"Flexor-tendon reconstruction in severely damaged hands. A two-stage procedure using a silicone-dacron reinforced gliding prosthesis prior to tendon grafting","volume":"53","author":"Hunter","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R8-20260220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196951010-00002","article-title":"Two-stage tenoplasty in injury of the flexor tendons of the hand","volume":"51","author":"Paneva-Holevich","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R9-20260220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(83)80086-0","article-title":"Flexor superficialis tendon transfers to the thumb\u2013an alternative to the free tendon graft for treatment of chronic injuries within the digital sheath","volume":"8","author":"Posner","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"R10-20260220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(83)80065-3","article-title":"Restoration of flexor pollicis longus function by flexor digitorum superficialis transfer","volume":"8","author":"Schneider","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"R11-20260220","first-page":"235","article-title":"Replacement of flexor digitorum profundus tendons by transfer of flexor superficialis tendons. An anatomical study","volume":"16","author":"Zuber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Chir Main Memb Super"},{"key":"R12-20260220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2001.0654","article-title":"The flexor digitorum profundus \u201cdemi-tendon\u201d\u2013a new technique for passage of the flexor profundus tendon through the A4 pulley","volume":"26","author":"Elliot","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"key":"R13-20260220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193417737920","article-title":"Results of heterodigital flexor digitorum profundus hemi-tendon transfer for 23 flexor tendon injuries in zones 1 or 2","volume":"43","author":"Bommier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"R14-20260220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(92)90184-4","article-title":"Opponensplasty by extensor indicis and flexor digitorum superficialis tendon transfer","volume":"17","author":"Anderson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"}],"container-title":["Techniques in Hand &amp; Upper Extremity Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000545","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T20:00:10Z","timestamp":1771617610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bth.0000000000000545","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-6572"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-6572","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]}}}