{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T07:04:11Z","timestamp":1780297451064,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Circumferential degloving injuries of the digits are common but continue to be a challenge to achieve stable coverage. Many techniques have been used to tackle these, ranging from skin grafts to multiple free flaps. This article describes a straightforward technique of using 2 pedicled flaps from the abdominal region to simultaneously cover both the volar and dorsal aspects of the digit. The dimensions, design, and method of using the technique are explained in detail with illustrative case examples. This \u201csandwich\u201d flap design is simple, reliable, does not require a delay stage and minimises the need for later debulking procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/bth.0000000000000560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T07:00:10Z","timestamp":1780297210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Sandwich Paired Abdominal Flaps Technique for Circumferential Degloving Defects of Digits"],"prefix":"10.1097","author":[{"given":"Ajeesh","family":"Sankaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Meitra Hospital, Kozhikode, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnankutty R.","family":"Thushara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KIMS Al Shifa Superspecialty Hospital, Perinthalmanna, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Najeeb Kolleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KIMS Al Shifa Superspecialty Hospital, Perinthalmanna, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.85344","article-title":"Degloving injuries of the hand","volume":"44","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"key":"R2-20260601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(74)90043-5","article-title":"Finger resurfacing by the multiple subcutaneous pedicle or Louvre flaps","volume":"27","author":"Emmett","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"R3-20260601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2006.11.001","article-title":"Ring avulsion: injury pattern, treatment, and outcome","volume":"34","author":"Brooks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"R4-20260601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(92)90322-G","article-title":"Salvage in a case of ring avulsion injury with an immediate second-toe wrap-around flap","volume":"17","author":"Khouri","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"R5-20260601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.22253","article-title":"Combined ipsilateral and contralateral second toe flaps for repair of finger degloving injury","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"R6-20260601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181a2c602","article-title":"Salvage of degloved digits with heterodigital flaps and full thickness skin grafts","volume":"64","author":"Hashem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"R7-20260601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-016-1760-4","article-title":"Reconstruction of totally degloved fingers: a novel application of the bilobed spiraled innervated radial artery superficial palmar branch perforator flap design provides for primary donor-site closure","volume":"39","author":"Chi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"R8-20260601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(81)80017-2","article-title":"Preservation of function following complete degloving injuries to the hand: use of simultaneous groin flap, random abdominal flap, and partial-thickness skin graft","volume":"6","author":"Kleinman","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"R9-20260601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197409000-00005","article-title":"Use of paired flaps to simultaneously cover the dorsal and volar surfaces of a raw hand","volume":"54","author":"Miura","year":"1974","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R10-20260601","first-page":"19","article-title":"Paired abdominal flap a reliable hand sandwich for hand injuries","volume":"21","author":"Ahmed","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pakistan Ortho Assoc"},{"key":"R11-20260601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199505000-00005","article-title":"Degloving injuries of the hand and fingers","volume":"314","author":"Adani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"}],"container-title":["Techniques in Hand &amp; Upper Extremity Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000560","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T07:00:12Z","timestamp":1780297212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":11,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bth.0000000000000560","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-6572"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-6572","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-19","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}